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Explain how a relatively small number of genes can be present but these account for a larger number of proteins transcribed in human cells?
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Solved in 2 steps
- Give examples of the different classes of mutations that affect the base sequence of DNA in protein encoding genes and explain the effects that each has on the polypeptide produced.What are the role of transcription proteins? Explain briefly at your own wordsGive examples of structural motifs found in transcription factors that interact with other proteins instead of DNA.
- Explain point mutations and frameshift mutations. Which is more apt to disrupt the structure and or function of a protein coded for by a gene? Why?Are the remaining 98% of human DNA are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs: sncRNA and lncRNA) which are extensively transcribed and participate in the regulation of protein-coding genes by forming complex regulatory networks?Describe three types of post-transcriptional regulation of protein coding genes.
- Contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. What are the implications for transcription, protein translation and gene regulation?Which statement is false: A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protiena) Define the term gene expression b) State 4 difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes gene expression c) state the importance of regulating gene expression
- If a gene sequence is more tightly coiled around histones, then which of the following is the most likely consequence? A) This gene is more likely to undergo mutation as it is being expressed B) This gene is unlikely to be transcribed while in this conformation C) This gene will be transcribed often while in this conformation D) This gene will be translated more efficiently .Explain how cis- and trans-acting elements reguate gene expression in bacteria.In a eukaryotic cell, four general types of RNA molecules are involved in gene expression. a) What are these four types of RNA? 2. b) Which is not involved in gene expression in prokaryotic cells? Why not?