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- Microvilli increase the surface area of intestinalcells, providing more efficient absorption of nutrients.Microvilli are shown in profile and cross section in FigureQ11–1. From the dimensions given in the figure, estimatethe increase in surface area that microvilli provide (forthe portion of the plasma membrane in contact with thelumen of the gut) relative to the corresponding surface of acell with a “flat” plasma membrane.Fatty acids anre absorbed into the intestinal cpithelial celI by: OPassing directly through the lipid membrane Endocytosis OPassing through an open fact channel O Cotransport with Na+ OPrimary active transportWhen William H. was helping victims after a devastating earthquake in a region not prepared to swiftly set up adequate temporary shelter, he developed severe diarrhea. He was diagnosed as having cholera, a disease transmitted through unsanitary water supplies contaminated by fecal material from infected indiv iduals. The toxin produced by cholera bacteria causes Cl- channels in the lurninal membranes of the intestinal cells to stay open, thereby increasing the secretion of Cl- from the cells into the intestinal tract lumen. By what mechanisms would Na+ and water be secreted into the lumen in conjunction with Cl- secretion? How does this secretory response account for the severe diarrhea that is characteristic of cholera?
- Besides being fundamentalfor the activation of the maingastric digestive enzyme howdoes HCl also directlyparticipate in digestion?On the histologic section of the glands stomach's fundus, relatively large electron-microscopically cells with acidophilic cytoplasm can be seen, and in these cells there is a complicated system of intracellular tubules. What component of gastric juice is formed due to the activity of these cells? Serotonin Mucus Gastrin O Hydrochloric acid OpepsinogenTriglycerides are transported by chylomicrons because________.a. they cannot move easily in the blood streambecause they are fat based, while the blood iswater basedb. they are too small to move by themselvesc. the chylomicrons contain enzymes they need foranabolismd. they cannot fit across the intestinal membrane
- A histological specimen of submandibular salivary gland represents basket * cells from which some processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. Contraction of the processes of these cells helps in expelling secretions from the lumen of secretory units and moving them to the system of excretory ducts. Name these cells: Serous cells O Mucocytes Epithelial cells O Adipocytes O Myoepithelial CellsOn the histological preparation of the walls of the small intestine: there * are groups of cells at the bottom of the crypt, in the apical part of which there are large acidophilic secretory granules; the cytoplasm is basophilic. What are these cells? goblet cells. Columnar cell with a border. O Endocrine cells. Cells without border. Paneth cells.29. List the four steps in Rumination: a. b. C. d. 30. Carbon dioxide and methane produced during fermentation is eliminated by the ruminant through the process of. This occurs approximately per minute. 31. In ruminants, are absorbed into the blood as their main source of energy. 32. List the three parts of the small intestine. vd seooulg boold owol a. b. С. 33. Identify the parts of the Gl tract on this illustration 1 3 4 6. 7 8 9. 10 34. Lymphoid tissue called are found
- (a) Life-threatening diarrhea is a shockingly common problemin the developing world. People with life-threatening diarrheaare often Na+-depleted, and to save their lives, replacing Na+ isessential. However, “raw” Na+ in the intestines is not absorbed.Drinking a solution of NaCl does not, therefore, replenish bodyNa+. In fact, drinking such a solution can actually worsen aperson’s situation by osmotically dehydrating the blood andother body fluids. Explain how drinking an NaCl solution couldhave this effect. (b) One of the greatest physiological discoveriesof the twentieth century was that drinking a solution of mixedglucose and NaCl can promote restoration of the body’s Na+. Withthe glucose concentration high enough in the solution, glucose“drives” the glucose–Na+ cotransporter in the apical membranesof intestinal epithelial cells, promoting Na+ uptake in sick people.Explain the concept behind this manipulation of the cotransporterfor therapeutic ends. The approach has saved millions…Which of the following cell types leads to a decrease in pH in the stomach? Schwann cells O Parietal cells Chief cells O Neck cells O Enterokinase cellsAll the structures of the alimentary canal have 4 similar major histological tissues . Which of the following descriptions of the tissue layers contains innacurate information? A) The mucosa layer consits of a simple epithelium (responsible for absoprtion), a lamina proprioa (supports the epithelium) and muscularis mucosae (thats ivolved with peristalsis. B) The muscularis externa has 2 or 3 layers of smooth msulce and is involced with persistalsis C) The submucosa layer is a connective tissue layer that anchors the mucosa layer and contains many blood vessels, lyphatic vessels, and nerves D) The serosa layer is a connective tissue layer that tethers the alimnetary canal to the appropirate body cavitities. I believe that D is false but I am not certain
