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- Explain the mechanism by which some (+)ssRNA viruses are able to produce many (e.g. ~10) proteins from a single RNA.Explain the mechanism by which some (+)ssRNA viruses are able to produce many proteins from a single RNA.List three differences between the structure of HIV and the virus that causes influenza. For one of these differences, explain how the STRUCTURE is key to the FUNCTION of the virus.
- Explain how poliovirus produces multiple proteins from its genomic RNAExplain the reason why segmentation of the genome provides a strong evolutionary advantage for negative strand viruses.Match each of the following replication classes of viruses with the one description that best describes it. This virus class is composed of segmented and non-segmented helical viruses that carry an RdRp within the virion into the cell. Example: Rabies virus These viruses are non- enveloped, icosahedral, have segmented genomes, and carry their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The viral genome is copied following assembly. Example: Reovirus This is the only class of RNA viruses whose genome is replicated by cellular enzymes and not an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Cellular DNA polymerases replicate this virus's non- integrated genome, although transcription is not the initial event that takes place in the process. Example: Parvoviruses In this class of viruses, transcription occurs before genome replication because viral proteins are involved in replicating the genome. Example: Adenovirus This class of viruses forms circular DNA and creates pre- genomic RNA using host RNA polymerases.…
- Some retroviruses that have a wide host range have been developed for use in treatment of diseases or syndromes. These viruses do not result in a productive infection because they lack critical genes for viral replication, but they do carry DNA sequences that allow them to be packaged into infectious particles. Once in the host cell the viral DNA is released and integrates into the cell's genome. The advantage to this strategy is that the delivery of the DNA is very efficient. What is one possible problem of using a virus that can integrate into the human nuclear genome? Multiple Choice The virus carries genes that will interfere with host cell activities. The viral DNA sequences could still cause a disease. Since the viral DNA sequences no longer contain essential genes for viral replication the host cell may not be able to replicate either. The integration could disrupt an essential gene or genes.The genome of a retrovirus can integrate into the host cell genome. What gene is unique to retroviruses, and why is the protein encoded by this gene absolutely necessary for maintaining the retroviral life cycle?Give a short discussion of the lytic and lysogenic phases in the lifecycle of certain viruses. the discussion should include the common stages encountered in viral replication.
- Explain gene editing to correct genetic defects in humans using an adenovirus.Describe the classes of viruses based on theirgenomic characteristics. For each class, describe how viralmRNA is made and how the viral genome is replicated.Briefly describe the events leading to the synthesis of viral proteins. Begin with the genome; assume this is a negative single-stranded RNA virus (-SSRNA).