Although several different mammalian species have been cloned, the efficiency of this process is extremely low. Often tens or even hundreds of oocytes must be implanted with donor nuclei to obtain one healthy live birth. Many researchers believe the difficulties with cloning reside in the epigenetic modifications, such as DNA and histone methylation, that occur within various cells during an individual’s life. How do you suspect such modifications might affect the success of an experiment

Q: describe the function of NAD+ and FAD. Also, describe the difference between NAD+ and FAD.

A: The ATP is indirectly formed through a series of reactions of oxidative phosphorylation . It yeilds…

Q: b. basal meristem cells continuously produce new spore-generating. c. the foot develops rhizoids and…

A: Hornworts are the type of bryophyte. Bryophytes have gametophytic as a dominant phase of their life…

Q: Describe the hindlimb function / specialization for a rabbit, pigeon, turtle, and toad.

A: Introduction:- The bones of the hind limb include the femur, the meniscus ligament, the ankle and…

Q: Which of the following pairs of sequences would be considered different alleles in DNA profiling?…

A: DNA profiling employs highly variable conserved regions known as variable number tandem repeats…

Q: The USDA "Organic" seal on a product indicates that the food contains at least 95% organic…

A: The full form of USDA is 'United State Department of Agriculture. Rules regarding the use of the…

Q: The bony wall found at the end of the middle ear has O the three ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes…

A: As per our honor code, we are allowed to answer one question at a time. You have posted multiple…

Q: ANSWER BRIEFLY: 2.In the presence of anticoagulants, bleeding time is prolonged. Why?  3. Name the…

A: Introduction The bleeding time is a medical test used to evaluate platelet function. It involves…

Q: 7. The half-life of a hormone in blood can be enhanced by I. binding to plasma proteins II. binding…

A: A hormone's half-life and duration of activity are restricted and vary from hormone to hormone. The…

Q: You are tasked to isolate a certain species of bacteria from a mixed culture to further characterize…

A: Bacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are…

Q: If the food is contaminated by bacteria, as long as fully boiled for over 10 minutes, it is still…

A: Introduction Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are tiny. Bacteria can be found practically…

Q: Retinal ganglion cells of the "ON" type: O Fire randomly to light and dark conditions Record an…

A: A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface of the retina of…

Q: 4. Cholera is a disease caused by bacteria that make cholera toxin. In the presence of this toxin,…

A: Mode of action of cholera toxin that leads to diarrhea:-

Q: A color-blind man fathers children with a woman who is not color-blind, but whose father was. What…

A: To find: To find the proportion of the male children that are color-blinded using the given…

Q: What are the functions of thesurprisingly large amount of unfoldedpolypeptide chain found in…

A: Protein polypeptide chains are linear polymers that are formed from a repertoire of 20 different…

Q: What are the long term effects of the continued use of the baygon insecticide to the members of the…

A: To explain: To explain the long-term effects of the continued use of the baygon insecticide in…

Q: When 1.6 million year old Nariokotome/Turkana skeleton was recovered near Lake Turkana in Kenya.…

A: This shows that the discovered skeleton was a preadolescent.

Q: Discuss the THREE (3) main stages crucial to microbial leaching of copper from a low-grade ore,…

A: Bioleaching involes microorganisms .Main copper minerals include sulfides, (CuFeS2) chalcopyrite,…

Q: The body prepares for birth and life after birth by all of the following except... A. Increased…

A: Female body is different before pregnancy and after pregnancy. Even after pregnancy when the baby is…

Q: The body's innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT? A. The skin B. Inflammation C.…

A: Innate defence is a system which is already present in our body from birth .

Q: Which of the following hypothetical viruses could NOT replicate in a host cell? It assumes that…

A: The correct answer would be option A i.e., the virus has ssDNA genome and replicates in the…

Q: Raphe in Marsilea is present in- (A) Female gametophyte (B) Sporocarp (C) Sporophyte (D) Male…

A: Introduction - One of the most crucial properties of the plant is fertilisation. It occurs within…

Q: What do you think would happen to the cell cycle of cells that contain a point mutation in the S-…

A: Cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase play a very important role in the progression of cell cycle. Cell…

Q: The reason why the eudicot trees tend to be wider at the base than at the top.

A: In eudicots, the endosperm is included within the cotyledons and is not separated. The two…

Q: Ulna

A: An adult pig has around 223 bones in it's body. The pig's skeleton contains various types of bones…

Q: The code for a fully functional protein is actually coming from an mRNA transcript that has…

A: Conversation of non functional mRNA to functional mRNA is done in many steps.. 1. A…

Q: The term "Superbug" refers to? A. Certain bacteria strain that can grow in all kinds of unfavorable…

A: Introduction :- Superbugs are bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi strains that are resistant to…

Q: The two primary types of toxins associated with foodborne illness affect the ? A. Nervous system…

A: Introduction :- The gastrointestinal tract is the digestive tract or passageway that connects the…

Q: 1. What is the total size of the PMBBS plasmid in bp? Answer: bp 2. How many cut sites on the pMBBS…

A: As per the guidelines, we are supposed to answer only three subparts. Kindly repost the question…

Q: A mutant E. coli strain is found with a mutation affecting some of its tRNA(Cys). The wild type…

A: The translation is the process of analyzing the mRNA message in order to produce a protein. It is…

Q: Antiobiotics should be taken if your child catches a seasonal flu cause by virus? A. True B. False

A: Introduction :- an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein…

Q: The ant-aphid mutualism has become so advanced all of the following traits have evolved in aphids…

A: Ants and aphids have a mutualistic relationship. Aphids devour the plant sap and excrete sugary…

Q: Describe 5 examples of biological processes that can cause DNA supercoil?

A: Supercoiling This process takes place to relieve the helical stress in the molecule through twisting…

Q: When Klinefelter syndrome occurs ?

A: A syndrome is defined as a group of medical signs and symptoms that are connected to one another.…

Q: 8. Renal clearance of glucose in a normal healthy person is A. O ml/min B. 40 ml/min C. 90 ml/min D.…

A: C.90ml/min

Q: In China, air pollution from burning coal contributes to more than premature deaths per year.

A: Most of the coal use in power plants for energy production and also in steel industries. The burning…

Q: Table I CAC GTA GACTGAGG ACTC CACGTA GACTGAGG ACAC Wild-type beta-globin gene fragment Sickle-cell…

A: Abrupt changes in the DNA sequence of nucleotides is called mutation. Even a single nucleotide…

Q: Which question will your experiment investigate? (select one and delete the others) How does…

A: Introduction Sugar molecules are known as carbs. Carbohydrates are one of three main nutrients found…

Q: 1. List bacteria, yeasts, and molds (two of each) associated with spoilage of vegetables and fruits.…

A: Answer :- Spoilage of vegetables and fruits occurs due to their low pH i.e, less than 4 microbial…

Q: In Mendel’s terminology, a “true-breeding” variety of a particular plant: a. Has a homozygous…

A: Introduction Breeding is the sexual reproduction of animals or plants that results in progeny. It…

Q: Find the flaws   fungi are multicellular organism not sure similarities with both plants and…

A: Fungi :  These are groups of multicellular eukaryotic organisms.  They are heterotrophic and can…

Q: i need the answer quickly

A: The heat transfer method is divided into three types: conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat is…

Q: The role of the ossicles is to of vibrations Decrease the intensity Increase the strenght O Change…

A: Introduction :- The auditory ossicles are three bones in each middle ear that work together to…

Q: What is Medical Terminology, why is it beneficial to know , what is it used for …. How can it be…

A: Introduction :-   Medical terminology is a vocabulary that is used to precisely describe the human…

Q: You are preparing to amplify a DNA sample using PCR and add the following to your set-up: forward…

A: PCR or polymers chain reaction is a process that use to amplify a particular DNA. It needs different…

Q: A student was asked to list the organelles that would be abundant in a cell that synthesizes…

A: The Organelles are little structures that are present inside the cytoplasm that complete funtions…

Q: What are the hormones that the hypothalamus produces?

A: The hypothalamus of the brain contains two sets of neurosecretary cells whose hormonal secretions…

Q: In the SIR equation for Infectious hosts, why is the term "- vl" negative?

A: The SIR equation is a mathematical model to study epidemics. Consider the system below. S →β[S][I] I…

Q: Sickle cell 1). how many people does it affect? 2) Is it genetic and if so what chromosome is the…

A: ANSWER 1) Around more than 100 million in the world have been affected by sickle cell. ANSWER 2)…

Q: Describe the different anthropogenic causes of the water cycle.

A: The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the water balance, refers to the continuous…

Q: 1- B cell clones undergo somatic hypermutation in which structure? Group of answer choices A) Thymic…

A: Progenitor cells are types of stem cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types.…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.