And which of the following factors stimulate these cells to release renin? Select all that apply.Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity.Increased sympathetic nervous system activity.O A increase in plasma osmolarity.A decrease in plasma osmolarity.An increase in GFR detected in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.O A decrease in GFR detected in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.O An increase in pressure in the afferent arteriole detected by renal baroreceptors.O A decrease in pressure in the afferent arteriole detected by renal baroreceptors.An increase in filtrate osmolarity.O A decrease in filtrate osmolarity.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex hormonal system that plays an important…

And which of the following factors stimulate these cells to release renin? Select all that apply. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity. A increase in plasma osmolarity. O A decrease in plasma osmolarity. O An increase in GFR detected in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle. A decrease in GFR detected in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle. O An increase in pressure in the afferent arteriole detected by renal baroreceptors. O A decrease in pressure in the afferent arteriole detected by renal baroreceptors.

And which of the following factors stimulate these cells to release renin? Select all that apply. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity. A increase in plasma osmolarity. O A decrease in plasma osmolarity. O An increase in GFR detected in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle. A decrease in GFR detected in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle. O An increase in pressure in the afferent arteriole detected by renal baroreceptors. O A decrease in pressure in the afferent arteriole detected by renal baroreceptors.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter14: The Urinary System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RE

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Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.
Which of the following mechanisms will increase vasopressin release from the pituitary gland (either directly or indirectly)? Select all that apply. Shrinking of osmoreceptor cells in the brain. Swelling of osmoreceptor cells in the brain. O A large drop in plasma volume (>15% reduction). A large increase in plasma volume (>15% increase). O A positive sodium balance. O A negative sodium balance.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is produced by endothelial cells throughout the body, but the majority is produced in the lungs. Some pulmonary disorders actually lead to an increase in ACE production. Consider what the consequences of this might be both directly on sodium balance, and indirectly on water balance. Select all that apply. Positive sodium balance O Negative sodium balance U Increased blood volume Decreased blood volume Increased MAP O Decreased MAP O Increased GFR Decreased GFR O Increased vasopressin release O Decreased vasopressin release
Which of these conditions decreases extracellular fluid volume?a. constriction of afferent arteriolesb. increased ADH secretionc. decreased ANH secretiond. decreased aldosterone secretione. stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the kidneys
Which of the following is true of aldosterone? Aldosterone Increases the number of open Na channels on the apical membrane of distal tubule cells OAldosterone decreases Na- reabsorption and K+ secretion Aldosterone binds to a g protein.coupled receptor OAldosterone is secreted by the macula densa ( డరంకగంగంగt fndroesos in10 ౧umetr of Na• / x• ATT2sంs on the ap/cal mcm br ane of distal tubule.cells
Elevated will activate the macula densa cells, which will cause the afferent and cause the GFR to arteriole to vaso_ elevated blood pressure, vasoconstrict, decrease GFR elevated blood pressure, vasoconstrict, increase GFR elevated blood pressure, vasodilate, decrease GFR elevated blood pressure, vasodilate, increase GFR elevated osmolarity, vasoconstrict, decrease GFR elevated osmolarity, vasoconstrict, increase GFR elevated osmolarity, vasodilate, decrease GFR DEEL F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 PrtScr Insert Delete 2$ % & Backspac 4 7. 8. Y U P K L 近
are both statements correct? Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion, and aldosterone decreases the rate of Na+ and Cl− reabsorption from the nephron. Atrial natriuretic hormone, secreted from the right atrium in response to decrease in blood pressure, acts on the kidney to decrease Na+ in the urine.
The secretion of organic anions------------------. is driven by the sodium gradient established by the apical membrane Na+ /K + pump is from the blood into the tubule cells in exchange for di/tricarboxylates. they are removed across apical membrane via anions symporter all of the above None of the above
Type B intercalated cells in the kidney: W. are activated during acidosis X. are activated during alkalosis Y. reabsorb HCO3 and secrete H* into the filtrate Z. reabsorb H* and secrete HCO3 into the filtrate Select one: O a. if only W, X and Y are correct O b. if only W and Y are correct O c. if only X and Z are correct O d. if only Z is correct O e. if all are correct
Which of the following are an effect of angiotensin II production? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices ADH release Rise in blood pressure Aldosterone release Vasodilation
In the condition diabetes mellitus, why does glucose appear in the urine? Group of answer choices The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient. The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption. Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells. The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose filtration and reabsorption.
Which correctly describes the mechanism of action of the loop diuretics? O They create a very hyperosmotic urine O They disrupt the concentration gradient in the renal medullary fluid O They disrupt the action of ADH on collecting duct epithelial cells O They directly block aldosterone from binding to its receptors O They lower blood pressure by promoting secretion of renin