Answer the following short questions to the point. Which bit in the PTE does the operating system use for approximating LRU replacement? Does a TLB miss always/sometimes/never result in a paging from disk? What are the two components of a virtual address used in segmented virtual memory?

Answer the following short questions to the point. Which bit in the PTE does the operating system use for approximating LRU replacement? Does a TLB miss always/sometimes/never result in a paging from disk? What are the two components of a virtual address used in segmented virtual memory?

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter11: Operating Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21VE

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Answer the following short questions to the point.

Which bit in the PTE does the operating system use for approximating LRU replacement?
Does a TLB miss always/sometimes/never result in a paging from disk?
What are the two components of a virtual address used in segmented virtual memory?
In what Nachos file was StartProcess implemented?
What kind of pages in a process’ virtual address space are usually protected as “Read Only”?
Is it possible to implement a file system inside of a file stored in another file system?

Software system that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provide common services for computer programs.

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Which bit in the PTE does the operating system use for approximating LRU replacement? Does a TLB miss always/sometimes/never result in a paging from disk? What are the two components of a virtual address used in segmented virtual memory? In what Nachos file was StartProcess implemented? What kind of pages in a process’ virtual address space are usually protected as “Read Only”? Is it possible to implement a file system inside of a file stored in another file system?
Q.No.2. Answer the following short questions to the point. Which bit in the PTE does the operating system use for approximating LRU replacement? Does a TLB miss always/sometimes/never result in a paging from disk? What are the two components of a virtual address used in segmented virtual memory? In what Nachos file was StartProcess implemented? What kind of pages in a process’ virtual address space are usually protected as “Read Only”? Is it possible to implement a file system inside of a file stored in another file system?
Answer the following short questions to the point. Which bit in the PTE does the operating system use for approximating LRU replacement? Does a TLB miss always/sometimes/never result in a paging from disk? What are the two components of a virtual address used in segmented virtual memory? In what Nachos file was StartProcess implemented?
In the S/370 architecture, a storage key is a control field associated with each page- sized frame of real memory. Two bits of that key that are relevant for page replace- ment are the reference bit and the change bit. The reference bit is set to 1 when any address within the frame is accessed for read or write, and is set to 0 when a new page is loaded into the frame. The change bit is set to 1 when a write operation is per- formed on any location within the frame. Suggest an approach for determining which page frames are least-recently-used, making use of only the reference bit.
Explain the technique through which a segment can be in the address space of two separate processes at the same time.
The principal advantage is a savings in physical memory space. This occurs for two reasons: (1) a user page table can be paged in to memory only when it is needed. (2) The operating system can allocate user page tables dynamically, creating one only when the process is created. Of course, there is a disadvantage: address translation requires extra work.
What are the two components of a virtual address used in segmented virtual memory? In what Nachos file was StartProcess implemented?
Can a DLL be mapped into two process' virtual address spaces at different virtual addresses? If so, what problems arise? Can they be solved? If not, what can be done to eliminate them?
Consider an operating system that uses 48-bit virtual addresses and 16KB pages. The system uses a multi-level page table design to store all the page table entries of a process, and each page table entry and index entry are 4 bytes in size. What is the total number of page that are required to store the page table entries of a process, across all levels of the page table? You may follow the hint below or finish from scratch to fill the blanks. Please show your calculations to get partial points like 2^10/2^4=2^6. 1. We need to calculate the total number of page table entries needed for a process (i.e., the total number of pages for a process) 2. We need to calculate how many entries each page can store 3. With 1 and 2, we can calculate how many pages needed for the lowest (innermost) level 4. Each page from 3 requires an entry (pointer) in the upper (next) level. We need to calculate how many pages are required to store this next level entries (please note the entry size is always 4…
3. Give a yes/no answer, along with an explanation, to the following questions: (a) In a multi-core system, there can only be one process running for a given executable. (b) Two processes generally access the same address space. (c) Two processes having shared access to part of a computer's memory see that shared part of the memory at the same address. (d) Two threads can communicate through memory they share. (e) An executable, run two times consecutively, will result in two processes that see the exactly the same address space each time, with pointers having the same numerical value for each run.
Consider a system that allocates pages of different sizes to its processes. What are the advantages of such a paging scheme? What modifications to the virtual memory system are provide this functionality?
Why is it preferable to use fragmented memory address translation rather than just translating the addresses in question?