Antibiotic X binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of 70S ribosomes and blocks normal ribosomal function. Which of the following is true of this drug? It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes. It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotes as they lack peptidoglycan. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and in eukaryotes. It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic transcription. It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, as well as in eukaryotes that possess cell walls.

Antibiotic X binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of 70S ribosomes and blocks normal ribosomal function. Which of the following is true of this drug? It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes. It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotes as they lack peptidoglycan. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and in eukaryotes. It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic transcription. It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, as well as in eukaryotes that possess cell walls.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section9.6: Translation Requires The Interaction Of Several Components

Problem 2EG: Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense...

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Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy prokaryotic cellular structures or processes that are different than those of eukaryotic cells or may not even be present in eukaryotic cells. List and describe at least three prokaryotic cellular features that could be targeted to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen without harming its eukaryotic host.
Draw the mechanism of action of an HIV protease. Label the substrate, the intermediates, and the products. Indicate each type of catalysis that occurs throughout the mechanism..
present the chemical mechanism of the HIV protease. Discuss the mode of action of some inhibitors of this enzyme.
1. a)how is it possible for such drugs to selectively kill bacterial cells and not our own cells? b)Provide an example of post-translational regulation of protein activity and explain the advantage of regulating each protein/process at the post-translational level instead of the transcriptional level.
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?
Why are bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase good targets for antimicrobial drugs? These enzymes are not necessary for DNA replication. These enzymes are involved in energy production, so targeting them would prevent the bacteria from obtaining necessary energy. These enzymes are different from their eukaryotic counterparts, so the drugs targeting them should not affect the host. These enzymes are responsible for host cell recognition, so targeting them would prevent the host cell from being infected.Flag this QuestionQuestion 10
Which of the following drugs inhibits protein synthesis through binding to ribosomal 30S subunit: O a. Linezolid O b. Amikacin O c. Ciprofloxacin O d. Azithromycin
The most selectively toxic antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because ________. Group of answer choices bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the actions of the drugs bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage
How is the ribosome a target in terms of antibiotic action mechanisms? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVBCrzjOl40
Antibiotics that target bacterial molecules not previously exploited are desperately needed. One such target is the protein FtsZ. The small molecule 3-methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) is known to inhibit FtsZ in Bacillus subtilis but is not bacteriocidal. Nonetheless, researchers reasoned that 3-MBA offered a good starting point for the synthesis of a molecule that might be a potential drug candidate. Over 500 3-MBA analogues were synthesized and screened; one called PA190723 was extremely potent in its capacity to bind FtsZ and inhibit bacterial growth. In fact, when used in a mouse model, PA190723 was bacteriocidal against methicillinand multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. What makes FtsZ a good drug target? What preliminary information about 3-MBA would be helpful if you were designing the 3-MBA analogues? As these researchers move forward with clinical (human) testing, what other parameters and outcomes must be assessed besides the bacteriocidal activity of PA190723?
What part of a eukaryotic cell could be affected by antibiotics that target ribosomes and why?
Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?

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		It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes.
		It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotes as they lack peptidoglycan.
		It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and in eukaryotes.
		It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes.
		It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic transcription.
		It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, as well as in eukaryotes that possess cell walls.