Apply the monetarist model of exchange rate and assume that a = 0.5 and 3 = 0.6. Explain how the $/EUR ratio will evolve once there is an increase in nominal money supply by 10% in Canibalia and by 5% in Spain, while GDP grows at 2% per year and 3% per year respectively (ceteris paribus). What should be the growth rate of national money supply if we want the nominal exchange rate to be constant? a. If we want the nominal exchange rate to be constant then the growth rate of national money supply should equal 5.5% b. If we want the nominal exchange rate to be constant then the growth rate of national money supply should equal 4.5% c. Nominal exchange rate $/EUR will increase by 4.5%
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- Suppose that at the initial equilibrium we know that the price level in the Eurozone is PE = 90.91, the dollar-euro expected exchange rate is E = 1.1, and that the interest rate in the Eurozone is 3%. $/e For the US variables take the same value as the ones specified in the beginning of the problem. Assume now that the Federal Reserve unexpectedly and permanently increases the nominal money supply from M* = 100 to M* = 105. Assume that the European Central Bank remains passive, making no changes to its monetary policy. Based on this information answer the following questions: 1. Find the new short-run equilibrium (interest rate, exchange rate, real money balances). Note that the shock is permanent, so expectations of the exchange rate should change. 2 2. Find the long-run equilibrium (interest rate, exchange rate, prices, real money balances). Is the exchange rate overshooting in the short run? Why? 3. Plot the dynamics of the variables of interest with respect to time. Denote T the…The nominal money supply is growing by 5 percent annually in the United States and 10 percent annually in Kenya, while real GDP is rising by 2.5 percent annually in the United States and 5.5 percent annually in Kenya. Using the simple monetary model of exchange-rate determination, please estimate the percentage change, if any, needed in the dollar-shilling (Ksh) exchange rate for it to reach a long-run equilibrium (assuming that the currencies were in equilibrium at the outset). Be sure to include the relevant equation in your answer, and indicate whether the dollar will appreciate, depreciate, or hold its value versus the shilling. (Hint: the percentage is a round number.) Please use the uncovered interest parity approximation to answer the following question: (a) If the return on euro deposits (i€) is 1%, the expected dollar-euro exchange rate (Ee$/€) is 1.30, and dollar-euro spot rate (E$/€) falls to 1.25, what is the new equilibrium return on dollar deposits (i$)? (Hint 1:…a) Inflation rate in Germany has been rising recently and many policy-makers are concerned. What would be the expected reaction of the ECB to this kind of development? Also, give two reasons why the ECB has not reacted so far. b) Some years ago, US Administration accused China of being a “currency manipulator". What was the reason for these accusations (what was wrong with Chinese currency according to the Americans?) and why would have China wanted to manipulate its currency? If these accusations were correct, with which measure could have China achieved this manipulated currency? c) Instead of using prohibitions as a policy measure, economists prefer using price mechanisms. Is CO2 tax an example of that? Explain.
- Use the information in the table below to calculate the change in the long-run Arakko ignis / Krakoan xcoin exchange rate (Ei/x). Specifically, does the Arakko ignis appreciate or depreciate, and by what percentage? Country - Change in Money Supply (µ) - Growth rate (g) Arakko 30% –4% Krakoa 10% 6%Clearly explain the transmission mechanism of a change in the rate of interest on a country’s Balance of Trade. Assume that you are analyzing this mechanism in the case of a country that has an open economy (trades with the rest of the world) and that the monetary authorities decide to lower the rate of interest ‘r’ to stimulate real output and employment. To begin with, assume that this country is operating at less-than full employment. How does a fall in ‘r’ affect a country that is a net exporter ? What would happen if this country is a net importer ? Finally, how does a fall in ‘r’ affect the rate of inflation, other things being constant ?What is meant by the channels of monetary transmission? Explain the asset price channels ii. Compare uncovered interest rate parity (UIRP) with covered interest rate parity (CIRP ). Explain the relationship between PPP and real interest rate parity iii. What is meant by the channels of monetary transmission? Explain the asset price channels iv. What is meant by exchange rate overshooting? If the government suddenly decreases the money supply, what will happen to the equilibrium in the Dornbusch Model?
- In 2020, the Central Bank of Faunaland increased the money supply growth by 8%, whereas the Central Bank of Gregoria allowed a relatively low money growth of 2%. Faunaland also experienced a relatively high output growth of 4%, whereas Gregoria had relatively robust output growth of 6%. Suppose the Central Bank of Gregoria wants to maintain an exchange rate peg with the currency of Faunaland. What money growth rate would the Central Bank of Gregoria have to choose to keep the value of the currency of Gregoria fixed relative to the currency of Faunaland? For this question, use the simple monetary model, where L is constant. a. 4% b. 6% c. 8% d. 10%Can you think of any major disadvantages to dollarization? How would a central bank work in a country that has dollarized?This question considers long-run policies in Argentina, the home country, relative to Brazil. Assume Argentina's money growth rate is currently 4% and its inflation rate is 2%. Brazil's money growth rate is 6% with 3.25% inflation rate. The world real interest rate is 0.75%. For the following questions, use the conditions associated with the general monetary model where money demand depends on the nominal interest rate. Define the nominal exchange rate E as Argentine pesos per Brazilian real. 1. Calculate the growth rate of real income in Argentina, report the percentage number (so if the answer is 5% report "5") 2. Calculate the growth rate of real income in Brazil, report the percentage number (so if the answer is 5% report "5") 3. What is the interest rate differential between Argentina and Brazil 4. Calculate the expected depreciation rate of the Argentinian peso relative to the Brazilian Real
- Explain how permanent shifts in national real money demand functions affect real and nominal exchange rates in the long run.Indicate which of the functions of money (a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value) each of the following performs in the U.S. economy. Check all that apply. Plastic credit card Picasso painting Mexican peso Demand deposit Plastic credit card Picasso painting Mexican peso Medium of Exchange Unit of Account Given your answers to the previous task, indicate whether each of the following is considered money in the U.S. economy. Money Yes No Demand deposit 0 0 0 0 Store of Value 0 0 0 0Suppose interest rates on 1-year deposits & loans in the U.K. equal 1.5%, and interest rates on 1-year deposits and loans in Mexico are 4.5%. Given these interest rates, a trader at AstraZeneca's U.K. bank would always profit from carry trade strategy as long as the % change in the #MXN/GBP (#Mexican pesos/1 GBP) is -- (choose the best answer from below) Group of answer choices less than 3% greater than 4.5% greater than 3% less than 4.5%