As the firms operate as a cartel in the same market, they would not be able to work at different price points. The lower price would prevail. Under this condition, what would be their outputs and profits? Represent the above situation with a suitably labelled diagram.
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- Suppose that two identical firms produce widgets and that they are the only firms in the market. The average and marginal cost is €6 for each firm. Price is determined by the following demand curve: P = 30 – Q where Q = Q1 + Q2. Suppose the two firms combine together and form a cartel. The output produced by each firm in the cartel is (assuming that they split the cartel output equally between them) A. 6 B. 12 C. 8 D. 4 Two identical firms compete in a market to sell a homogenous good with the following inverse demand function: P = 600 – 3Q. Each firm produces at a constant marginal cost of €300 and there are no fixed costs. The price that each firm in the Cournot equilibrium will charge is A. 400 B. 500 C. 300 D. 450The table shows a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Ajinomoto holds 5050% of the market, Jiali holds 3030% of the market, and Quingdao holds 2020% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8$8 00 $7$7 2020 $6$6 3030 $5$5 4040 $4$4 6060 $3$3 9090 $2$2 110110 $1$1 180180 $0$0 300300 million pounds million pounds Suppose Ajinomoto's marginal cost remains equal to zero, but for Jiali and Quingdao, marginal costs rise above zero. How would this affect the incentive of Ajinomoto to act noncooperatively and change its output? Ajinomoto will not have an incentive to change its output. Ajinomoto will have an incentive to increase its output of MSG.…OPEC is a petroleum cartel, a group of oil producing countries whose objective is to coordinate and unify petroleum policies. What type of market structure is a cartel?
- Consider an industry that consists of 4 firms, all competing over the same market, given by the following demand equation: P=80-3Q All firms have the same Total Cost Function, given by: TC₁=10q,+2q Suppose the firms decide to collude and voluntarily restrict output and raise price, in order to increase profits. a) What price will be charged by the members of the cartel? Assume the head of the cartel is fair and distributes output q, equally among the 4 firms (since they have identical costs). b)What is the output of each individual firm? c) What is each individual firm's profit? We know that there is a built-in incentive for cartel members to cheat on the cartel. If, as a result, the cartel breaks down: d) What price will be charged in the market? e) Assuming each firm captures an equal share of the market, what now is each firm's output, q? f) What now is individual firm profit? g) Illustrate your answerImagine there are two companies, East Wafer and West Wafer, which produce silicon wafers, the base component in the microchips which constitute the brains of our computers. Below is the daily demand for silicon wafers Suppose, for simplicity, East Wafer and West Wafer have the same constant cost structure, so maximizing total revenue maximizes profit. If East Wafer and West Wafer are able to form a cartel and collude without cheating on each other, what will be the price of a silicon wafer? $40 $50 $60 $70Suppose that a price-taker firm has a marginal cost function given by: MC= 20+0.2q. The firm could join a cartel in its industry and agree to a quota of 10 units. The collusion drives the price of the good from $24.55 to $50.00. Suppose that if the firm cheats on the cartel, it has no effect on the price. Calculate the producer surplus of this firm when they cheat on the cartel.
- Suppose the airline industry consisted of only two firms: American and Texas Air Corp. Let the two firms have identical cost functions, C(q) = 40q. Thus the marginal and average cost for each firm is €40. Assume the demand curve for the industry is given by P = 100 – Q. Suppose the two firms get together and form a cartel and divide the market equally between them. The output produced by each firm will be A. 25 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20The table shows a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Ajinomoto holds 50% of the market, Jiali holds 30% of the market, and Quingdao holds 20% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8 0 $7 20 $6 30 $5 40 $4 60 $3 90 $2 110 $1 180 $0 300 __________million poundsIf the market described in the accompanying diagram is dominated by a cartel, the loss in total surplus relative to perfectly competitive market conditions will be what?
- Consider an industry with 4 firms with the same total cost function TC(q) = 20q. The demand function is p= 260 − 2Q. (a) Solve for Cournot equilibrium: how much each firm produces in equilibrium? What is an equilibrium price and profits? (b) What will be the profit of each firm if all the firms join the cartel? (c) If one of the firms wants to deviate from the cartel agreement, what output should it set? Calculate the profit of the cheating firm.Consider a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Suppose that Ajinomoto holds 50% of the market, Jiali holds 30% of the market, and Quingdao holds 20% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8 0 $7 20 $6 30 $5 40 $4 60 $3 90 $2 110 $1 180 $0 300 What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? a.110 million pounds b.90 million pounds c.300 million pounds d.20 million pounds Suppose Ajinomoto's marginal cost remains equal to zero, but for Jiali and Quingdao, marginal costs rise above zero. How would this affect the incentive of Ajinimoto to act noncooperatively and change its output? a.Ajinomoto will have an incentive to increase its output of MSG. b.Ajinomoto will not have an incentive to change its…Breakdown of a cartel agreement Consider a town in which only two residents, Darnell and Eleanor, own wells that produce water safe for drinking. Darnell and Eleanor can pump and sell as much water as they want at no cost. For them, total revenue equals profit. The following table shows the town's demand schedule for water. (base to table 1) Suppose Darnell and Eleanor form a cartel and behave as a monopolist. The profit-maximizing price is $_____ per gallon, and the total output is _____ gallons. As part of their cartel agreement, Darnell and Eleanor agree to split production equally. Therefore, Darnell's profit is $_______, and Eleanor's profit is $______. Suppose that Darnell and Eleanor have been successfully operating as a cartel. They each charge the monopoly price and sell half of the monopoly quantity. Then one night before going to sleep, Darnell says to himself, "Eleanor and I aren't the best of friends anyway. If I increase my production to 45 gallons more than…