Answered: b) Which of the following compounds…

b) Which of the following compounds would you expect to be most acidic? Explain your answer, including clear drawing/analysis of the relevant conjugate base(s). H.

Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9780618974122

Author:Andrei Straumanis

Publisher:Andrei Straumanis

Chapter20: Acidity And Pka Of Phenols

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9E

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Concept explainers

Ionic Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.

Arrhenius Acid

Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.

Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry

Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.

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b) Which of the following compounds would you expect to be most acidic? Explain your answer, including clear
drawing/analysis of the relevant conjugate base(s).
H.

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The following are equivalent ways of asking about the acidity of an H atom: • What is the most acidic H on the molecule? • Which H is associated with the published pKa value? • Which H on the molecule is easiest to remove? • Which H on the molecule takes the least energy to remove? • Which bond to an H is most polarized? • For which H atom is removal least uphill in energy? • Which bond to an H atom, when broken, results in the lowest PE conjugate base? We will often find the last of these questions is easiest to answer. To do this, find all the different Hatoms on the molecule, and draw all possible conjugate bases.Only the lowest-energy one is the “real” conjugate base. Identify this structure, and you have found the most acidic H. Use this strategy to find the most acidic H on each of the following molecules. Note: Each structure hasat least three different kinds of H’s, so draw at least three unique conjugate bases for each.
Complete the equation for the reaction between each Lewis acid-base pair. In each equation, label which starting material is the Lewis acid and which is the Lewis base; use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in each reaction. In doing this problem, it is essential that you show valence electrons for all atoms participating in each reaction. (a) (b) (c) (d)
Summarize the relationship between pKa and base strength by completing the followingsentences: a. For a given base, the higher the pKa of its conjugate acid, the stronger or weaker the base. b. For a given base, the lower the pKa of its conjugate acid, the stronger or weaker the base.
Gastric juice, the digestive ?uid produced in the stomach, contains hydrochloric acid, HCl, Milk of Magnesia, a suspension of solid Mg(OH)2 in an aqueous medium, is sometimes used to neutralize-excess stomach acid. Write a complete balanced equation for the neutralization reaction, and identify the conjugate acid—base pairs.
A very strong base can remove a proton from methylamine:
Answer true or false to the following statements about the mechanism of acid-base reactions. (a) The acid and base must encounter each other by a collision in order for the proton to transfer. (b) All collisions between acids and bases result in proton transfer. (c) During an acid-base reaction the lone pair on the base fills the A-H antibonding sigma orbital.
(E) Label each of the following as strong acid, strong base, or neither.
Complete a net ionic equation for each proton-transfer reaction using curved arrows to show the flow of electron pairs in each reaction. In addition, write Lewis structures for all starting materials and products. Label the original acid and its conjugate base; label the original base and its conjugate acid. If you are uncertain about which substance in each equation is the proton donor, refer to Table 4.1 for the relative strengths of proton acids. (a) NH3+HCl (b) CH3CH2O+HCl (c) HCO3+OH (d) CH3COO+NH4+
3) а) decreasing acidity and explain your answer. CHCHNΗ Arrange the following compounds in order of CH,CH,OH CH,CH,CH, b) part (a) in order of increasing basicity and explain your Arrange the conjugate bases of the acids given in answer.
These two nitrogen atoms are potentially basic. Write the two products of the these N atoms with BF3. Which of the two N atoms will be more basic? Justify
B: Complete Me! Direction: identify the conjugate acid or conjugate base in each of the following pairs. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Conjugate Acid H,SO, HPO, HCH,COO H,CO3 Conjugate Base Conjugate Base SO,? Conjugate Acid -1 Br' PO, HCO31
You can identify relative strengths of acidity of molecules using key factors such as those in the mnemonic CARIO (Charge, Atom, Resonance, Inductivity, and Orbitals). Using this mnemonic, rank these structures in order of acidity of the indicated protons (least acidic to most acidic).