Use the Stokes-Einstein equation to estimate the diffusion coefficient in m²/s and in µm²/s for the following particles. Assume that the particles are immersed in water in a test tube at body temperature (37 °C), which has a viscosity of approximately 0.0007 kg m ¹ s¹. Assume the particles are all spherical Particle ATP Eukaryotic ribosome SARS-CoV-2 Diameter 1.4 nm 25 nm 100 nm
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- Estimate the flux (mg/cm2/s) by diffusion of estrogen (a steroid) through a lipid bilayer cell membrane when assuming the diffusion coefficient for estrogen across the lipid bilayer is 10^–6 cm2/s, and that the initial concentration of estrogen in the extracellular fluid is 1 ng/mL and 0 in the cytoplasm.Molecular diameters of proteins IgG and TNFα are 11.2 nm and 4.4 nm, respectively. The diffusion coefficient of IgG in a dilute aqueous solution at 37oC is 2.8 ⤬ 10-7 cm2/s. Estimate the diffusion coefficient of TNFα in a dilute aqueous solution at the same temperature.The average time it takes for a molecule to diffuse adistance of x cm is given byt = x2/2D where t is the time in seconds and D is the diffusioncoefficient. Given that the diffusion coefficient ofglucose is 5.7 × 10−7cm2/s, calculate the time it wouldtake for a glucose molecule to diffuse 10 μm, which isroughly the size of a cell.
- The mixing of liquids is critical in microfluidic analytical systems and is often taking place in Y-shaped junctions as seen in Figure Q4b. The inlets are 50 μm wide and 50 µm high, and the outlet is 50 μm wide and 50 μm high. The aim of the device is to analyse IgG with a diffusion coefficient of 4-10 cm²-s¹. Determine the shortest length of the channel to ensure complete mixing when the flowrate in each of the inlet channels is 1 µl/h. [4] Inlet 1 50 µm Inlet 2 Select one: O a. 8.65mm O b. 3.47 mm O c. 112 pm O d. 5.34 mm 50 µm Outlet Figure Q4b. Schematic of a Y-shaped microfluidic device used for mixing two fluids.A solution containing 3.58 x 1023 molecules/m3 of protein in water is separated from pure water by a membrane 3.20 μm thick. The diffusion coefficient of the protein through the membrane is 7.15 x 10-18 m2/s. On average, how many molecules cross 0.0240 μm2 of this membrane each second? [Answer as a positive number with 3 sig digits, but do not enter units with your answer]Depicted is a rod-shaped bacterium that can be approximated as a cylinder with two spherical caps, r = 0.5 micron. If the difference between the osmolarities inside and outside is 10 mosM, what would be the tension in the bacterial envelope? Is it uniform? (concentrations are expressed in mol/L)
- yeasts are able to produce high internal concentrations of glycerol to counteract the osmotic pressure of the surrounding media. suppose that a sample of yeast cells were placed in a 4% sodium chloride solution by weight. The density of solution is at 25 C = 1.02 g/ml, Molecular weight of solute = 58.44 g/mol, i of glycerol = 1 and R=0.08205 L-atm/mol-K What is the weight of solute in grams What is the moles of solute What is the volume of the solution in liters What is the molarity of the solution What is the value of the temperature to be used to solved for the osmotic pressure of the solution What is the osmotic pressure of solutionr^2=6Dt , where D is the diffusion coefficient of thediffusing object and t is the time that the object is allowed to diffuse. If the diffusion coefficient, D, of a small protein is 5 x 10^-10 m2 s-1, how long (on average) does ittake for the protein to diffuse across a parasitic wasp that is 189 um long ?A new 850 cm^2 membrane is being tested for use in a hemodialysis device. During testing, a model fluid mixture is used that contains solutes with average radii of 1 nm. In one test, the concentration of the filtrate is found to be 2.17 g/L, while the concentration on the feed-side surface is 8.52 g/L. Prior experimentation showed that the mass transfer coefficient in the device was approximately 9 × 10-4 cm/s. A) If the total filtration flow rate is measured to be 0.56 cm^3/s, what is the solute concentration in the feed solution? B) Explain how you could determine the average membrane pore radius for this membrane using this information.
- A sample of a protein is analyzed by CE using a neutral-coated capillary with a total length of 25.0 cm and a distance to the detector of 22.0 cm. Using an applied voltage of 20.0 kV, the protein was detected at a migration time of 16.2 min. The diffusion coefficient for the protein is 2.4 x 10-7 cm?/s. (a) Calculate the apparent electrophoretic mobility of the protein. (b) Calculate the expected number of theoretical plates for the analysis.The classic demonstration that cell plasma membranes are composed ofbilayers depends on the following kinds of data:• The membrane lipids from 4.74 x 109erythrocytes will form a monolayer of area 0.89 m2when spread on a water surface.• The surface of one erythrocyte is approximately 100 μm2in area. Show that these data can be accounted for only if the erythrocyte membrane is a bilayer.If you made a hematocrit in two tubes. Tube A is made of 0.60M NaCl, and Tube B is made of 1.00M of NaCl, describe how the cell would respond in these solutions? Which would have a higher rate of osmosis? If the cell is permeable to NaCl, which would have a higher rate of diffusion?