Cells produce mRNA by transcription of their DNA genomes. In contrast, single-stranded RNA genome viruses have three different strategies with respect to viral mRNA production. Briefly describe the production of mRNA for each of the following viruses. a. Poliovirus b. Vesicular stomatitis virus c. Rous sarcoma virus
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- 1. "One structural form used in building virus particles is based on the icosahedron. Describe, either in words or in a diagram, the organization (number of capsomers, etc.) of the simplest virus particle of this form. 2. If a virus has a negative‐sense RNA genome, what enzymatic activity (if any) will be found as part of the virion, and what will be the first step in expression of the viral genome?"1. Precise words:Find the nonspecific terms in the following sentences. Replace the nonspecific choices with more preciseterms or phrases (It is not necessary to change the sentence structure).(i) All OVE mutants showed enhanced iP concentrations.(ii) Plants were kept in the cold overnight.(iii) To provide proof of concept for our hypothesis, we studied a virus in its host cell.(iv) The present paper reports on continuing experiments that were performed to clarify thissurprising effect.(v) The first transition state is a little lower in energy than the second transition state. 2. Simple words:Improve the word choice in the following examples by replacing the underlined terms or phrases withsimpler word choices (do not change the sentence structure).(i) These data substantiate our hypothesis.(ii) The difference in our results compared to those of Reuter et al. (1995) can be accounted forby the fact that different conditions were used.(iii) For the purpose of discussing cell migration we…1."What protein structural features are involved in the antigenic nature of epitopes? 2.What steps occur in the immune response following the primary infection of a vertebrate by a virus? 3.Assume you know that for a particular non‐enveloped virus, gene A codes for a transcriptional activator, gene B for an origin binding protein, and gene C for a capsid protein. Following a normal infection in an animal, what would most likely generate a neutralizing antibody?"
- ss (-) RNA viral genome RNA polymerase RNA-dependent # O dsRNA O dsDNA. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Coples (-) RNA strand transcription Copies (-) RNA strand. 80 ss (+) RNA S5 FA viral translation protein (+)RNA (viral mRNA) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Copies (+) RNA strand. What type of virus is replicating in the picture? (-)ssRNA (+)ssRNA % C wil ss (-) RNA viral genome <(C 16 & 7a. How are viral envelopes formed? Why are enveloped viruses that infect plants and bacteria rare? b. Outline the life cycle options of a temperate phage upon entering a host cell. c. Consider the 5 steps of a virus life cycle. List three structures and/or processes that are unique to viruses and would make good drug targets for an antiviral agent. Explain your rationale for each choice.2. Predict the replication step for the novel Miovirus. This virus was determined to have a dsRNA genome Draw out your prediction. Include any proteins/enzymes the virus will need to use, bring or express to carry out the replication. Indicate where it is likely for replication to occur in the host cell.
- 00 Examine the structures below of several anti-viral drugs. Match the anti-viral drugs with the correct description or mechanism: NH2 HN NH HO. HN H OH N=N=N AZT (Zidovudine) HO HO. Solvadi Amantadine Acyclovir Nevirapine inhibits the viral DNA polymerase of herpesviruses | əsooy) | an allosteric (noncompetitive) inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase | Choose ] blocks the M2 channel in the Flu virion so the virus cannot sense acidic pH Amantadine the first nucleoside analog designed to inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase [ Choose ] Hepatitis C drug that blocks the viral RNA polymerase [ Choose ] 31 EEO 24 6 4. 9Which of the following statements are correct for RNA viruses? Mark all that apply. A.Replication requires reverse transcriptase B. Uncoating must occur for the virus to be replicated C.The genome consists of two identical strands of ssRNA D.Replication requires RNA dependent RNA polymerase E. The viral DNA acts as a template for production of viral proteins F.Protease enzyme is required for biosynthesis and maturation of virions G. A provirus stage occurs during viral replicationSection three. Match virus biosynthesis term with best description. Not all answers are used. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase f. phage conversion а. b. lytic cycle g. prophage ss sense (+) RNA viruses h. ss anti-sense (-) RNA viruses с. d. reverse transcriptase i. lysogenic cycle provirus е. 51. genetic change of the host cell during the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophag es 52. RNA → DNA enzyme 53. active/fast infection of bacteria by a virus 54. when an animal virus integrates into the host cell chromosome 55. enzyme needed for transcription of RNA into complementary RNA 56. contains the coding strand of RNA 57. contains a nucleic acid that cannot be translated directly
- 6. During penetration of E. coli by a bacteriophage lysozyme is used to allow entry of the bacteriophage capsid and nucleic acid the tail acts as a hypodermic needle, injecting the bacteriophage DNA into the cell the tail fibers would bore a hole in the cell wall the virus would also bind to Sa e. E. coli would attempt to protect itself by synthesizing enzymes that degrade bacteriophage RNA 7. Penicillin-binding proteins can be bound by beta-lactam drugs in the cell b. alter the beta-lactam ring c. are involved in cell wall synthesis d. are synthesized by eukaryotic cells .a&c 8. As we discussed in class, basophils are white blood cells, and one of their roles in the host immune response is to release histamine. Based on this information, please answer the following question. Which of the following processes or cells will be affected as a result of your patient having basopenia, which is a low number of basophils? The production of C3A The production of CSA The production of pus The…1. Your doctor tells your friend that he has a viral infection in his throat. The pain is intolerable and he has an upcoming exam to study for. He is mad at his doctor for not prescribing him an antibiotic. How would you explain to him the rationale behind his doctor’s decision? Explain that a virus can’t be treated with an antibiotic and why7) The herpesviruses: a. Have three round of protein translation in its replication cycles, one before genome replication and two after genome replication b. Can have a persistent infection c. None