Chemistry 1) Gluconeogenesis from pyruvate involves a simple reversal of all of the glycolysis reactions. a)True b)False
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- a) What happens during the two phases of glycolysis? Write the reaction steps of glycolysis showing their the enzymes that catalyze the reactions. (Draw only the structure of the first and last product) b) How many net moles of ATP can be synthesized from each mol of glucose? c) The overall equation for glycolysis?Determine whether the following statements are true or false:- a) The pentose phosphate pathway of glucose conversion is a supplier of NADPH (H +) for reductive syntheses. b) An overdose of insulin causes hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus. c) Fructose-6-phosphate is an allosteric regulator of glycolysis.10) The glycerol phosphate shuttle functions in. A) Lipid catabolism C) Anaerobic glycolysis for the regeneration of NAD 8) Triglyceride synthesis D) Aerobic glycolysis to transport NAH equivalents resulting from glycolysis into mitochondria. 11) In muscles, the pyruvate is converted into lactate. Find the correct statement A) During lactate formation, NADH is reconverted into NAD B) During the product of lactate two AT are produced C) Lactate is the substrate from the downstream pathway D) Lactate acts as the substrate for the formation of amino acid 12) Which of the following regulates lipolysis in adipocytes A) Activation of fatty acid synthesis mediated by CAMP 8) Glycerol phosphorylation to prevent futile esterification of fatty acids C) Activation of triglyceride lipase as a result of hormone stimulated increases in cAMP levels D) Activation of cAMP production by Insulin 13) Glycolysis consists of three irreversible steps. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the reaction are…
- c) As what molecule does each of the monosaccharides enter glycolysis? d) How many moles of ATP are generated from the complete oxidation of one mole of lactose? Show all the steps for the calculation of moles of ATP. Be sure to account for energy used in activating the components of lactose so that they can enter glycolysis.Which of these is associated with production of ATP during glycolysis? (Select all that apply) a) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3PG b) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG c) Conversion of PEP to pyruvate d) Conversion of 2,3-BPG to 2PG e) Phosphorylation of glucoseDEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycolysis c) Citric Acid Cycle Please explain this in-detailed and longer, thank you.
- Select which of the following enzymes unique to glycolysis are also sites of regulation for glycolysis. Select all that apply. a) glyceraldehyde 3 P dehydrogenase b) PFK c) pyruvate kinase d) hexokinase e) enolase f) phosphoglycerate mutaseDuring the metabolism of glucose in anaerobic cells, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is essential to allow glycolysis to continue. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. Why is this so essential? OA) It lowers the pH. B) It re-oxidizes NADH to NAD+. C) Lactate stimulates hexokinase activity. D) Pyruvate inhibits pyruvate kinase.D) Carbohydrate catabolism involves substrate-level phosphorylation. E) My answer is not here 27. The adduct acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein is formed as an intermediate during fatty acid biosynthesis. The CO2 used to synthesize malonyl-S-CoA is lost. Would this help make the reaction more or less energetically favorable? A) Loss of CO2 increases entropy (AS) and therefore decreases the favorability of the reaction (AG). B) Loss of CO2 has no effect on entropy (AS) and therefore does not affect the favorability of the reaction (AG). C) Loss of CO2 increases entropy (AS) and therefore increases the favorability of the reaction (AG). D) Loss of CO2 decreases entropy (AS) and therefore decreases the favorability of the reaction (AG). E) Loss of CO2 decreases entropy (AS) and therefore increases the favorability of the reaction (AG).
- Using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, determine how many ATP can be produced from one mole of each of the following compounds on complete oxidation?a.) Mannoseb.) Dihydroxyacetone phosphatec.) Citrated.) Malatee.) SuccinateAnswers vary between32 moles, 32 moles, 16 moles, 10 moles, 4 moles, and 2.5 molesGlucosamine is a common compound that inhibits hexokinase action (the transfer of a phosphate group to glucose during glycolysis). A) Describe the consequences of glucosamine exposure on cellular respiration. B) Is glucosamine exposure fatal? Why or why not?..a) Draw all of the reactions that occur in the aerobic metabolism of glucose that hydrolyze a thiolester bond. In your answer, include complete structural formulae as well as the names of any cofactors, enzymes, reactants and products. b) Explain why the free energy changes that characterize these reactions are so exergonic. Include a figure in your answer. ( c) If you were to completely catabolize 3 molecules of glucose under aerobic conditions, what would the ATP yield be as a result of the reactions that you've drawn above?