Citric acid production: Anaerobic fermentation is used to produce citric acid from glucose derived from the hydrolysis of corn starch. Assume: 1 bushel = 56 lb total mass (15.5% moisture) Corn dry matter is 75% starch by mass Starch has a molecular weight of 162 g/mol What is the maximum yield (theoretical) of citric acid that could be expected from a bushel of corn ?
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- Glucose is a carbohydrate central to energy metabolism. Glucose provides most of the energy to the brain and its levels are closely controlled in healthy individuals. Improper control of glucose levels is found in diabetes.Assume that the maximum number of ATPs is produced (38). At pH 7, and in the presence of excess Mg2+, how much of the energy in one mole of glucose is stored as ATP? kJ Assuming the maximum number of ATPs are produced at pH 7 and in the presence of Mg2+, 1159 kJ of energy are stored as ATP. What is the percent efficiency?Consider the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction. Calculate the free energy change if the ratio of the concentrations of the products to the concentrations of the reactants is 23.7, and the temperature is 37.0 °C? AG" for the reaction is -16.7 kJ/mol. The constant R = 8.3145 J/(mol-K) AG= Number kJ/molcreate figures using the following information and explain the results effect of the temperature and ph on amylase temperature
- Numerous research has been conducted to determine how the sequence and structural characteristics of thermophile proteins contribute to their increased stability. Numerous research groups have conducted statistical comparisons between heat-labile and thermostable proteins. (a) Describe three main factors that may enhance the thermostability of proteins?The oxidation of 1 mol of glucose supplies enough metabolic energy to form 36 mol of ATP. Oxidation of 1 mol of a typical dietary fat like tristearin (C57H116O6) yields enough energy toform 458 mol of ATP. How many molecules of ATP can form per gram of (a) glucose; (b) tristearin?Numerous research has been conducted to determine how the sequence and structural characteristics of thermophile proteins contribute to their increased stability. Numerous research groups have conducted statistical comparisons between heat-labile and thermostable proteins.(b) What should a protein scientist do if they realized that an enzyme is sensitive to heat?
- Consider the following reaction: Glucose 6-phosphate + Glucose 1-phosphate After reactant and product were mixed and allowed to reach equilibrium at 25C, the concentration of each compound was measured: (Glucose 1-phosphate] - 0.002 M [Glucose 6-phosphate 0.05 mM Calculate the Keg and the AG knot prime (e.g. standard free energy change). O Keg- 40: AG knot prime 9.14 kJ/mol O Ken- 19: AG knot prime -7.3 kJ/mol O Keg" 0.04: AG knot prime-7.98 kJ/mol Kea 4: AG knot prime -914 kJ/mol O Keg 40: AG knot prime - 9.14 k/molIn biological systems, enzymes are used to accelerate the rates of certain bio- logical reactions. Glucoamylase is an enzyme that aids in the conversion of starch to glucose (a sugar that cells use for energy). Experiments show that 1 pg mol of glucoamylase in a 4% starch solution results in a production rate of glucose of 0.6 ug mol/(mL)(min). Determine the production rate of glucose for this system in the units of Ib mol/(ft³)(day). Ibmol Answer: 0.0639 ft day True FalseIf 100% of the free energy from the metabolism of glucose is used for the conversion of ADP to ATP, how manymolecules of ATP can be produced from each gram of glucose (mm = 180.16)?
- 1. Assuming that everything that’s needed to make tripalmitin comes from glucose, how many glucose would be used by adipose tissue in the synthesis of 1 mol tripalmitin? 2. How many ATP would be used (net of produced and used)? 3. If an animal absorbs 35 g glucose (MW = 180 g/mol) from drinking a can of pop, how many grams of tripalmitin (MW = 807 g/mol) can be produced from it in adipose tissue? Please provide only typed answer solution no handwritten solution needed allowedThe hydrolysis of sucrose has the following data. Time (min) 0 30 60 90 130 180 [Sucrose] (M) 0.5011 0.4511 0.4038 0.3626 0.3148 0.2674 Sucrose + H₂O → glucose + fructose Unistanit. Determine the half-life. (Use the order from a.) You will need to take into account the order!The primary source of phosphate for chemical reactions in cells comes as ATP, ADP, or AMP. The ΔG˚’ for the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi is -30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis of ATP.