Changes in cortical bone density and bone geometry occur with aging in both men and women (Table 1 from Russo2003). These changes manifest as decreased bone strength, which has the clinical impact of increasing the risk of fracture with increasingage. However, elderly men are much less prone to fracture than elderly women. It has been suggested that age-related bone loss is theconsequence of endosteal bone resorption resulting in changes in bone geometry (~2mm less cortical bone thickness in women as theyage) and contributing to relative differences in fracture risk between men and women. Cortical bone area decreases in women betweenthe ages of 20 and 85, whereas there is no significant change in cortical bone area for men over the same age range (Table 1).Table 1: Changes in bone density and cortical bone area - from Italian population of 612 men and 693 womenAge group (years)ANOVA20-39Total bone density 4% (mg/cm³)Men342.344.9Women307.134.8Cortical bone area 38% (mm²)Men318.9+47.9Women 288.8+41.240-49Colleague's modelYour model315.2±38.2286.9±27.9329.1+54.9289.2 34.350-6485 yo womandob=32 mmdic=27mmdob = 34 mmdic =29mm302.131.8274.6±40.3319.756.8287.9 +53.585yo man65-74dob = 34 mmdic=27mm288.6 35.5253.932.2324.9±42.2281.1+52.775-84290.0+ 45.4241.636.8326.846.0265.0 60.085+Models: You and your new work colleague decide to estimate the bending stiffness of bones in 85+ year old women and men bycalculating the area moment of inertia for the diaphyseal shaft of an idealized long bone. You each decide to model it as a long hollowcylinder consisting of a cortical shell (outer bone diameter dob) surrounding a hollow intramedullary canal (with diameter dic). You estimatethe cortical thickness as 7 mm for the model of the male bone. Your colleague assumes bone loss occurs at the outer bone surface (outerdiameter) and therefore reduces the outer diameter 2 mm for the woman model. You assume the bone loss occurs at the inner corticalbone surface (inner diameter) and therefore increase the inner diameter 2 mm for the woman model.284.8±45.1229.233.1332.751.2230.272.4p<0.0001p<0.0001dicp=0.28p<0.0001dob14.IntramedullaryCanalCortical BoneFigure 1: Assume a simplified bone modeled.as a hollow cylinder of cortical bone only.Q3A Calculate the area moment of inertia of the cortical bone model for the 85 year old man and for both modelsof the 85 year old woman.

Write the given data with suitable variables. For 85 year old woman Colleague model: dab=32 mmdc=27…

Colleague's model Your model 85 yo woman dob = 32 mm dic=27mm dob = 34 mm dic =29mm 85yo man dob = 34 mm dic=27mm dic dob Intramedullary Canal Cortical Bone Figure 1: Assume a simplified bone modeled as a hollow cylinder of cortical bone only. Q3A Calculate the area moment of inertia of the cortical bone model for the 85 year old man and for both models of the 85 year old woman.

Colleague's model Your model 85 yo woman dob = 32 mm dic=27mm dob = 34 mm dic =29mm 85yo man dob = 34 mm dic=27mm dic dob Intramedullary Canal Cortical Bone Figure 1: Assume a simplified bone modeled as a hollow cylinder of cortical bone only. Q3A Calculate the area moment of inertia of the cortical bone model for the 85 year old man and for both models of the 85 year old woman.

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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