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Compare and contrast the processes of cell cycle and apoptosis and give an example of a drug or toxin that affects each of these processes.
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- Cancer is a complicated series of diseases characterized by over-proliferation of cells within a tissue. While in some instances the primary tumor is the ultimate cause of death, in many cases the primary tumor metastasizes, or moves, through the lymph system to invade other tissues. The migration of tumor cells requires changes in the adhesion properties of the cell that allow it to move and invade more readily. There are several molecules involved in cell-to-cell connections and cellular architecture: laminins, matrix metalloproteinases, cadherins, and integrins. While mutations in genes that control the cell cycle or recognize DNA damage are the causes of tumor cell formation, tumor cell spread to other tissues may be caused by mutations in the genes the code for these extracellular proteins. The loss of cellular connections, cellular identification and signaling, and tissue structure may lead to the release of expanding tumor cells into the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Once…Explain the roles of cell signaling in DNA transcription and protein synthesis. (example). Please explain the role of Ubiquitin Ligase Activity in the regulation of apoptotic cell death.
- Describe aspects of the cell injury process such as the spectrum of cellular injury, cell swelling, and enzymatic spillage such as CK, myoglobin, and troponin.Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a) they are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. b) they are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. c) they encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. d) they often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.Identify An illness characterized by mutations that disrupt normal control mechanisms and produce potentially malignant cell.
- INDICATE WHETHER THE STATEMENT IS TRUE OR FALSE 1. Pelle is an inhibitory protein. 2. Tube is an activating protein.3. Dorsal is a transcription factor.4. Dorsal promotes dorsalization of the cell.Explain what a lysogen is.describe the role of mitochondria in initiating apoptosis. please describe and summarize in short two paragraphs only.