Demand for a good is given by Q = 100 - P. Assume that the market is perfectly competitive, so that the industry supply curve is equal to the private marginal cost of production: MC = 10 + Q. There is also a $10 per unit negative externality. What will the equilibrium quantity be if the firm only pays for its private costs, i.e. does not internalize the externality?
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- A fertilizer plant emits a very foul odour during the production process. If the government forces the plant to internalize this negative externality, what would result? The demand curve for fertilizer would shift to the left (up). The supply curve for fertilizer would shift to the left (up). The demand curve for fertilizer would shift to the right (down). The supply curve for fertilizer would shift to the right (down).Based on the conditions laid out in the Coase Theorem, which of the following would lead to the failure of the Coase Theorem to resolve an externality: a. high transaction costs associated with dealing with a large number of people affected by the externality (e.g. high cost of coordinating decisionmaking) b. the property rights associated with a specific resource belong to society c. within a given market, a firm's production process causes the marginal cost of one firm to be less than the marginal cost to society d. all of the above e. both a and b are correctThe marginal social cost (MSC) of an electricity generating plant that uses coal is estimated by a consulting firm to be MSC=3Q, where Q is the output. The consulting firm also provides an estimate of the supply schedule. The marginal private cost (MPC) is estimated to be MPC=Q. The demand is estimated to be P=60-2Q. Given these estimates, what is the impact of the externality? How large is the over- or underproduction? What is the socially optimal price? Is there over- or under-pricing? Discuss different methods to correct the externality and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Explain. In which sense is the Coase Theorem useful in helping to deal with negative externalities? State and explain the Coase Theorem.
- The marginal social cost (MSC) of an electricity generating plant that uses coal is estimated by a consulting firm to be MSC=3Q, where Q is the output. The consulting firm also provides an estimate of the supply schedule. The marginal private cost (MPC) is estimated to be MPC=Q. The demand is estimated to be P=60-2Q. Given these estimates, what is the impact of the externality? How large is the over- or underproduction? What is the socially optimal price? Is there over- or under-pricing?1) Consider a market with demand curve P = 100 - 2Q, and supply curve P = 40 + 2Q. Suppose there is a negative production externality of 20 dollars per unit. What is the deadweight loss of the externality if there is no intervention? 20 30 40 50 2) Consider a market with demand curve P = 100 - 2Q, and supply curve P = 40 + 2Q. Suppose there is a positive production externality of 20 dollars per unit. Which of the following government policies results in a socially optimal quantity in the market? A tax of 10 dollars A subsidy of 20 dollars A subsidy of 10 dollars A tax of 20 dollars.Imagine a market where there is a positive externality in production. The private (and social) inverse demand function for the good is: D_private: P_D = 22 - 1.5Q_D. The private inverse supply function is: S_private: P_S = 8 + 0.5Q_S. The social inverse supply function that accounts for the positive externality in production is: S_social: P_S = 2 + 0.5Q_S. What is the deadweight loss from the externality?
- The market for plasticans is perfectly competitive. Market Supply is given by Q=6P and Market Demand is given by Q=487-3P. Each extra unit of plastican produced imposes a negative externality of $5. What is the total cost of the externality at the market equilibrium? Enter a number only, no $ sign. Do NOT include a negative sign. 1,623.33Suppose the demand for an industrial product is given by P equals 300 minus 2 Q , and the supply is given by P equals Q . Suppose that the pollution due to the production of this good imposes a per unit cost of c equals 3 on society. What type of externality is this, and what curve represents this externality being accounted for (social cost or social demand curve)? A. This is a positive production externality. The social supply curve would be P equals 3 plus Q. B. This is a negative consumption externality. The social demand curve would be P equals 97 minus Q. C. This is a negative production externality. The social supply curve would be P equals 3 plus Q. D. This is a positive consumption externality. The social demand curve would be P equals 103 minus Q.A chemical company can produce Q units of a chemical H, with marginal costs of MC = 9 + Q, and can distribute the chemical at marketing marginal costs of MC = 1. The demand for H is given by P = 30 - 1.5Q. If an external market exists where H can be bought or sold without marketing expenses for $13, how much H should the firm produce? 4 units 10 units 7 units 5 units 0 units
- Assume a perfectly competitive market with no externalities. The demand curve is P =52 - 0.06×Qd. The supply curve is P =0.06×Qs. In equilibrium, what is total surplus?Consider a competitive market for single-use plastic bags. Market demand is given by P=15 - Q/500, where P is the market price and Q is the quanity demanded. The marginal cost of producing plastic bags is constant, resulting in a market supply curve given by P = 3. However, every single-use plastic bag generates an external cost equal to Q/500 (note: it is increasing in the quantity produced). Hence the marginal social cost is MSC = 3 + Q/500. If the externality is not addressed (or internalised), what is the value of the deadweight loss? Briefly explain why it exists and what it captures.With rental rates exceeding $3,000 per square foot per year, retail space in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong, is among the world's most expensive. In 2011, the Town Planning Board limited the height of future buildings in the area to between 130 and 200 meters. Real estate developer Hysan Group, which owns nine properties in the area, asked the Board to relax the limits, but the Board denied the application. What externality does the height restriction resolve? How would the Hysan Group benefit from relaxing the height restrictions? Should the restrictions on height be the same throughout Hong Kong?