Describe 2 methods of immunotherapy currently in use, and the clinical results of one of these (ie, how often does it work well?)

Q: Describe the concepts behind the main types of immunoassays,and discuss their uses in diagnosis.

A: Immunoassay techniques allow rapid and accurate measurement or trace antigen and antibody. They use…

Q: An example of an in vivo serological test is a. indirect immunofl uorescence b. radioimmunoassay c.…

A: The scientific studies of serum and other body fluids are collectively known as serological tests.…

Q: Enlist two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody and explain their…

A: In Immunological diagnostic techniques, antigen and antibody play the key role. Specific antigen…

Q: In immunoassays such as western blotting and ELISA the secone antibody binds to what part of the…

A: Antibodies are proteins that are important for our body to destroy pathogens like viruses, bacteria,…

Q: Define the term immunological surveillance, and identify the cells involved in this function.

A: Immunological surveillance is the monitoring process of immune system that detects and also destroys…

Q: Explain what immunoaffinity extraction consists of when applied to obtaining steroids

A: Liquid chromatography (LC) and the targeted attachment of antibodies or related substances are both…

Q: What is the purpose of anti-human IgG antibodies in immunological testing?

A: Each IgG is composed of four peptide chains with two antigen binding sites - two γ-class heavy…

Q: Describe the purpose of immunological memory, and explain ?how it develops

A: The capability of the body to recognize and fight against foreign and harmful particles is called…

Q: Describe the procedures for an ELISA test for the HIV antibodies in patients

A: HIV an influenza virus enters the cell by using endocytosis procedure. HIV is called as human…

Q: Define specificity and sensitivity as these terms relate to immunological testing.

A: Immunological tests employ an artificial antigen or antibody to detect the presence of an antibody…

Q: How we can Treatment  Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) by using gene therapy? Please answer…

A: SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY:- SCID stands for severe combined immunodeficiency, a group of…

Q: Describe the two major ways in which monoclonal antibodies are used for immunotherapy

A: Immunotherapy means treating a disease by inducing the immune response of the individual.…

Q: Illustrate the solid phase “sandwich” immunoassaY AND What does the “s” in HBs stand for? What other…

A: Introduction: The antigen-antibody reaction is an association between an antigen and the antibody…

Q: Would it be worse for the function of the antibody for it to lose the Fc region or a Fab region?…

A: The  N-terminal fragment square degree is called the beautiful space, and also the C-terminal…

Q: Name the technique based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction used in detection of a…

A: The high specificity of antibodies towards antigens is the major principle for serological testing.…

Q: Briefl y describe the principles and give an example of the use of a specifi c test using…

A: There are several diseases that affect humans and timely detection of these diseases can help in…

Q: Differentiate process of the reaction for capture assays. Compare to other immunoassays like…

A: Immunoassay: This is basically a biochemical analytical technique that help detecting and measuring…

Q: What are passive andactive immunization?According to the duration ofthe protection how do thesetypes…

A: The immunology is a branch of science that studies and deals with the immune system of the body. The…

Q: Why is a blocking buffer needed while running the immunoblotting of the PDVF membrane, furthermore…

A: Immunoblotting, like ELISA, uses host antibodies to identify specific parasite antigens. Protein…

Q: Direct immunofluorescent tests use a labeled antibody to identifya. an unknown microbe b. an unknown…

A: Direct immuno-fluorescence(DIF) is a technique employed in the laboratory to diagnose skin, kidney,…

Q: Briefly explain the immunological responses to bacterial superantigens and explain how they differ…

A: By the Bartleby guidelines, only one question can be answered at at time. The first question has…

Q: Describe the principles behind direct and indirect fl uorescent antibody tests.

A: Fluorescent antibody technique is a laboratory technique in which the labelled antibodies bind to…

Q: Describe the term serology and explain the immunologic principle behind serological tests.

A: Immune reactions to antigens result in the production of antibodies, and antibodies strongly attach…

Q: EIAs are extremely sensitive diagnostic tools. Why,then, is the immunoblot (Western blot) procedure…

A: EIA stands for enzyme immunoassay, is a diagnostic test that can be divided into two types based on…

Q: State the principle of vaccination. How can vaccines be used to prevent microbial infections? Write…

A: To answer this question we should have knowledge of immunology.

Q: When a patient goes from testing negative for a specific antibody to testing positive a month later…

A: An antibody or serology test is a blood test that looks for signs of a previous infection. It…

Q: Describe the six types of antigen preparations for making vaccines.

A: Vaccines are basically preparations of biological components that help develop an immune response…

Q: Briefly describe how viral antigens can be screened for using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay…

A:

Q: Which of the following is NOT TRUE about immunological tests?   Question 2 options: A Antibodies…

A:

Q: Interpret the outcome of direct and indirect immunofl uorescent antibody testing.

A: Antigen or Antibody detection can be done nowadays in many different ways. Enzyme-linked…

Q: The classic clinical problem with immunodeficiency disorders is the development of which of the…

A: Immunodeficiency disorders are common and it occurs due to many conditions. The ability of the body…

Q: Name 3 characteristics of a “good’ immunogen 2 sentences for each characteristics

A: An immunogen is a specific type of antigen that is able to elicit an immune response. Antibody…

Q: hortly discuss the different immunodeficiency and immunoproliferative disorders and include the…

A: Immunodeficiency diseases: Immunodeficiency diseases elicit the immune system to fail, resulting in…

Q: Two newly developed vaccine candidates (A and B) are tested in mice for their ability to elicit high…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three subparts for…

Q: Explain the following concepts in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable; a.…

A: Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is the immune system's state of…

Q: Weigh the following observation: High titers of antibodies for EBVare found in a leukemia patient; a…

A: Introduction  Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) is one of the common viruses that infects the humans, it is…

Q: Identify two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody, and explain how…

A: Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practical immunological…

Q: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of EIA, rapid tests,and immunoblots with respect to speed,…

A: The immune system is a complex network of biological structures (cell) and protein that defends the…

Q: Most vaccines are designed to be preventative or prophylactic. What does this mean?

A: Vaccine provides active acquired immunity to the human’s against the specific organism. Thus vaccine…

Q: If you are working in a diagnostic lab, what will be your choice among Monoclonal or Polyclonal…

A: Antibody is also known as Immunoglobulin. Antibody usually bind to the Antigen.

Q: Define the term serology, and explain the immunologic principle behind serological tests.

A: An antigen is a substance or a molecule that the body recognizes as a foreign particle. That means…

Q: Describe the background aims of immunologic testing.

A: Immunological tests are used to detect the presence of pathogens, blood pigment haemoglobin, etc…

Q: Provide some reasons in vivo tests would not be as reliable as immunoassaytests.

A: IMMUNOASSAY test can be used for the presence of specific antibody or specific antigen in the blood…

Q: Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed in SCIDpatients to that of AIDS patients. What…

A: Immunodeficiency is a state in which the ability of the immune system to fight against the…

Q: Example of 5 commercially active immunodiagnostic test kits

A: Immuno-diagnostic assays are procedures that utilize products of the immune response as the integral…

Q: Which study has been awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for Medicine in Immunology? Explain this mechanism…

A: Answer: IMMUNOLOGY = It is the study of the immune system which  stimulates when our body is…

Q: Briefly describe the principles and give an example of the use of aspecific test using…

A: these immunological techniques focus on identifying the antigens [mostly proteins] or antibodies in…

Q: Outline the principle behind the following techniques:…

A: Immunofixation is an immunological technique that involves antigens and antibodies. Southern blot is…

Q: 2018 Nobel Prize for Medicine in Immunology?

A: The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet on 1st Oct 2018 has decided to give the Nobel prize in…

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