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Describe the 3 functions stated in the lecture notes for the thalamus, especially its role as a relay station/gateway
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- The thalamus has been described as a “switchboard.” Explain why, by describing the pathway of somatic sensory information from the receptors to the cerebral cortex. Case Study: Princess Leia has asthma, and had to use her inhaler before taking her physiology exam. Later, in the physiology laboratory, she measured her pulse rate and blood pressure and found them to be higher than usual. The following week, after administering some drugs (epinephrine, atropine) she later developed a severe headache and dry mouth. When she looked in the mirror she noticed that her pupils were dilated.The thalamus has been described as a “switchboard.” Explain why, by describing the pathway of somatic sensory information from the receptors to the cerebral cortex.List two functions of the thalamus?
- Parkinson's Disease results in a(n) (increase or decrease) in D1 mediated effects on striatal medium spiny neurons. This results in excess (inhibition or excitation) of the thalamus and cortex.Which statement is true regarding the connections within the basal ganglia? O the striatum inhibits the globus pallidus O the globus pallidus excites the thalamus O the thalamus inhibits the motor cortexAfter NMDA receptors fully open in a post synaptic hippocampal neuron experiencing long term porentiation. Describe the specific ion flow through the receptor and the resulting events in the dendritic spine that result in enhancement or potentiation of responses to any subsequent stimuli from the presynaptic cell.
- The thalamus has been described as a “switchboard.” Explain why, by describing the pathway of somatic sensory information from the receptors to the cerebral cortex. Describe the organization of autonomic motor neurons. Describe the structure of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system Distinguish between the different types of adrenergic receptors and state where these receptors are located in the body. Explain what is meant by nicotinic and muscarinic Acetylcholine receptors and describe where these receptors are located in the body. Explain the mechanisms involved when a person blushes. What structures are involved in this response? Analytical Question: Case Study: Princess Leia has asthma, and had to use her inhaler before taking her physiology exam. Later, in the physiology laboratory, she measured her pulse rate and blood pressure and found them to be higher than usual. The following week, after administering some…Neuroscience Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum 1) Describe the basic anatomy of the basal ganglia and cerebellar circuits and theirrole in the refinement of movement 2) Know the basic anatomy of these structures and list the inputs to the basal ganglia Please provide pictures with your explanation. This should help me prepare for an upcoming exam. I need to understand what is going and I'm a visual person!!for the Spinothalamic Tract, can you show me a diagram for the pathway from the peripheral structures of the body to the location inthe brain.a. Label the location of each neuron's dendrites, cell body, and axon terminal.b. Label the location (nervous system region) of the synapses involved in this ascending pathway.c. Label the location (nervous system region) of decussations, if any.
- In the basal ganglia, which of the following occurs? disinhibition results in the inhibition of glutamate onto the thalamus the release of GABA onto the internal segment of the globus pallidus is excitatory In the indirect pathway, disinhibition blocks glutamate release from the subthalamic nucleus In the direct pathway, disinhibition blocks GABA release onto the thalamusThird order neurons always have their cell bodies in the thalamus. True FalseBased on the attached figure (Fig. 18.7B in the textbook), what would an increase in activation of D1 receptor-expressing spiny neurons in the striatum cause in downstream basal ganglia structures? Direct and indirect pathways Substantia D1 nigra pars D2 compacta (transient) Frontal cortex Cerebral cortex (transient) + (transient) + (transient) Caudate/putamen VA/VL complex of thalamus (transient) (transient) Globus pallidus, Globus pallidus, external segment internal segment 0 (tonic) (tonic) + (transient) Subthalamic nucleus OA. decreased activity in the globus pallidus external segment (GPe B. decreased activity in the cortex C. increased activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) D. decreased activity in the thalamus E. decreased activity in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPI) Parafascicular nucleus