Describe the following three fuel cycles: once-through, modified open and fully closed. Also state roughly how long it is before the relative radiotoxicity of the associated waste form reaches that of uranium ore.
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- Neon (10Ne) has three stable isotopes with consecutive mass numbers. Write the complete nuclear symbol (with neutron number) for each. (Enter your answer in the formX_{N}. Separate substances in a list with a comma.) chemPad О Help Greek -Using appropriate formula determine the decay constant (λ) for the parent-daughter isotope pair, 235U/207Pb. The half-life for this isotope pair is 713,000,000 years. Note that the decay constant (λ) of a radioactive nuclide is its probability of decay per unit time (units: s−1 or a−1). Select the correct option and explain A. 494,109,000/year B. 1,028,860,000/year C. 85775/year D. 85775e-10/yearFukushima Unit-2 produced approximately 3200 MW of thermal power. Assume it had operated for 16 months before the tsunami and then was shut down for 20 days before the any radioactive material was released. a. How much fission product activity was present in the core at the time of the accidental release? b. Assuming 2 MeV per radioactive decay (1 MeV from a beta and 1 Mev from a gamma), and that all of the energy was deposited into the reactor core and coolant, how much heat (in MW) was being produced by the fission product activity on the 20th day?
- f-lives have Ope is also impor- ation reduced - be one of the t 25,000 years. lutonium-239. How can this be! 5. Using the information given in Section 11.5 and the mass-energy conversion equation, compute the binding energy (in MeV) and the binding energy per nucleon for hydrogen-2 (deuterium). 6. The Q-value of a nuclear reaction is a measure of the kin ic energy of the mass that isb) Suppose a radioactive mineral sample undergoes decay. Originally, it contains Do number of non-radioactive daughter elements and No number of parent elements. Show that the expression for total daughter elements present now [i.e., D(t)now], will be a straight line (called isochron) with respect to the present number of parent elements. (mention the expression of the slope of the line).2310Ne is unstable. Complete the schematic energy diagram to the right by drawing in the protons and neutrons (with arrows representing spin directions) and predict how this nucleus will decay by specifying the final nucleus plus the two emitted particles. (This nucleus is small enough that electrostatic repulsion is not really significant.) Is the resulting nucleus stable?
- Think carefully about the fi ssion process. Does it seem peculiar that symmetric fission is not the most probable? Does the distribution shown in Figure seem reasonable? Explain.Describe the process of s nuclear fission?Radiocarbon dating assumes that the abundance of 14C in the environment has been constant. Suppose 14C was less abundant 10,000 years ago than it is today. Would this cause a lab using radiocarbon dating to overestimate or underestimate the age of a 10,000-yearold artifact? (In fact, the abundance of 14C in the environment does vary slightly with time. But the issue has been well studied, and the ages of artifacts are adjusted to compensate for this variation.)
- Question A6 Potassium has a radioactive isotope, K-40, with a half-life of 1.25 billion years, and a natural abun- dance of 0.012% (120 parts per million). Sea-water contains about 380 ppm of potassium (0.38 grams per litre), essential for life. Calculate the radioactivity of sea-water due to the potassium, giving your answer in Bq m 1. 15 markalFor a fusion reaction, at which temperature T do you expect the optimal reaction rate to approximately occur? In the expressions below EG is the Gamow energy of the reaction and k is the Boltzmann constant. Select one: O a. T O b. T: O c. T d. T = Oe. T - - = = EG 100k 10EG k EG 10k EG k 100 EG kA radioactive substance initially contains 20000 thorium Th230 isotype. How many of this radioactive material remain after 103 years? How many Curie will the Th230 activity of the substance at this end of time? Th ½=8,0x104 year;=2,75x10-13 sn-1