Dextrose (D-glucose) is introduced to the body intravenously to replace lost body fluids. Why is dextrose the fluid of choice instead of distilled water or 5% saline solution.
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- The acidic nature of chyme is neutralized by ___________ . potassium hydroxide sodium hydroxide bicarbonates vinegar7. Prior to a colonoscopy, a patient is instructed to take OSMOPREP tablets, each of which contains 1.102 g sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate and 0.398 g sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous. The dose is: The evening before the procedure: 4 tablets with 8 ounces of clear liquids every 15 minutes for 5 cycles Starting 3 hours before the procedure: 4 tablets with 8 ounces of clear liquids every 15 minutes for 3 cycles How many tablets, how much liquid, and how much total sodium phosphates are taken? a. 8 tablets, 16 ounces liquid, 2 g sodium phosphates b. 16 tablets, 1000 mL liquid, 32 g sodium phosphates c. 32 tablets, 1 quart liquid, 40 g sodium phosphates d. 32 tablets, 0.5 gallon liquid, 48 g sodium phosphates5. Your pharmacy has on hand Augmentin 125 mg/5 mL suspension.You receive a prescription for Augmentin 125 mg/5 mL suspension. Give 1 ½ tsp q8h x 5 days. How many milliliters of suspension would you dispense for a 5 day supply? Convert the total mL to dispense from the question above into ounces. How many ounces would you dispense?
- The active drug substance given above contains a carboxylic acid group. Ionizable proton of carboxylic acid (circled in red taken), the pKa value is given as 3.5. This drug must be absorbed through the plasma membrane to pass. The speed of passage through the plasma membrane depends on the polarity of the molecule. Charged and polar molecules are slower than the membrane, neutral and hydrophobic molecules pass more rapidly. Your stomach Its pH is about 1.5 and the pH of the small intestine is about 6.0. whether this drug passes through the stomach or small intestine more into the blood. you wait Explain. In order to get full points, the ionic molecule in the stomach and intestines Compare them in terms of charge and polarity, indicating their state.7. A physician asks her assistant to prepare an injection of 0.5 mL of 10 mg/mL cortisone solution in a syringe. The assistant has a bottle of 40 mg/mL cortisone stock solution and a bottle of isotonic saline solution to dilute it with (note: not distilled water). Calculate: a) the volume of cortisone stock solution (in mL), and b) the volume of saline solution needed to make this injection solution.6. A patient has ciprofloxacin ordered for 400mg in 200ml d5w. The pharmacy recommends running the infusion over 2 hours? How many milliliters per hour should the IV pump programmed for?
- 1. Adding as little as 0.1 ml of concentrated HCl to a liter of H20 shifts the pH from 7.0 to 3.0. Adding the same amount of HCl to a liter of a solution that 0.1 M in acetic acid and 0.1 M in sodium acetate, however, results in a negligible change in pH. Why do these two solutions respond so differently to the addition of HCI?9. A physician orders 250 mL 0.05% epinephrine solution. The available epinephrine is 1:500 in 10-mL vials. PS How many mL of 1:500 epinephrine are needed? How many mL of sterile water are needed as a solvent? How many vials of medication are needed to complete the order?6. A solution made up of 500 mL of 50% dextrose, 500 mL of 8.5% Aminosyn, and 300mL of sterile water for injection is ordered. a) What is the total weight (in grams) of the dextrose? b) What is the total weight (in grams) of Aminosyn? c) 20 mEq of KCI are needed in the infusion above. How many mL of KCI should be added? Stock strength available: KCl 2 mEq/mL d) 22 mEq of NaCl are also needed in the infusion. What volume of NaCl should be added? Stock strength available: NaCl 4.4 mEq/mL e) What is the total volume of solution with the original fluids and the addition of KCI and NaCl?
- Barium sulfate is often used as a medical diagnostic tracer, however, it can only be administered orally, not by IV. Why isn’t it possible to administer this ionic compound intravenously?1. A patient's orders read 0.012 in 200.0 mL of 5% D/W IV (5 percent dextrose in water solution, intravenously). 100 mg of the drug is dissolved in the 200.0 mL of 5% D/W solution. The patient has a body mass of 55 kg. How many mL/hour must the IV pump be set to deliver the prescribed amount? 2. A pediatric patient needs to receive heparin following surgery. The physician's orders call for . The heparin preparation comes as 50.0 heparin units/mL. How many milliliters of heparin drug needs to be added to a 65 lb patient's IV over a period of 3.0 hours?7. For those drugs that need to be applied with dissolution sustained system, what are their original properties? A. Low aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate B. High aqueous solubility and slow dissolution rate C. Low aqueous solubility and fast dissolution rate D. High aqueous solubility and fast dissolution rate E. Gaseous state in room temperature with low aqueous solubility 8. Which of the following drug injection methods does involve perpendicularly inserting needle to the patient's body? A. Intramuscular injection B. Intravenous injection C. Subcutaneous injection D. Intradermal injection E. None of the above 9. Which of the following proteins is NOT commonly bound with drug in the bloodstream? A. Albumins B. Globulins C. Fibrinogens D. Antibodies E. None of the above 10. Which of the following events cannot increase the bioavailability of a drug? A. Patients suffer from cirrhosis B. Patients suffer from diarrhea C. Switch to intravenous injection from oral administration…