Principles of Microeconomics
7th Edition
ISBN:9781305156050
Author:N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:N. Gregory Mankiw
Chapter19: Earnings And Discrimination
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 9PA
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Question
Downgrading refers to a situation where:
a. downward statistical biases in the effects of immigration on relative wages exist.
b. downward statistical biases in the effects of immigration on native employment exist.
c. adjustments must be made to relative wage parameters due to differences in the total compensation paid to immigrants relative to native workers.
d. the wage or occupation of immigrants in the labor market is systematically lower than those of natives with the same observed education and experience levels.
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