Draw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial infection caused by injury to the skin (in 3 main stages).
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- Name two cytokines that are thought to be involved in the inflammatory response to viruses (cite your source). Describe a component of the innate immune response to viral infection (name it and explain how it works. Be sure you are talking about something that protects you from viruses.)A 4-year-old child has numerous small, white scales covering the extensor surfaces of the extremities, trunk, and face (shown in the image). The child's mother and grandmother have the same condition. Microscopic examination of the skin lesion shows hyperkeratosis and a thin stratum granulosum. Which of the following is the most likely pathogenesis of this disorder? Answers A - E A Antigen-induced release of mediators B Defective desquamation of keratinocytes C Dissolution of intercellular attachments D Excessive keratinocyte proliferation E UV light induced DNA damage O O O O CLOSE TOOLKITA 4-year-old child has numerous small, white scales covering the extensor surfaces of the extremities, trunk, and face (shown in the image). The child's mother and grandmother have the same condition. Microscopic examination of the skin lesion shows hyperkeratosis and a thin stratum granulosum. Which of the following is the most likely pathogenesis of this disorder? Answers A-E A Antigen- induced release of mediators B Defective desquamation of keratinocytes C Dissolution of intercellular attachments D Excessive keratinocyte proliferation E UV light induced DNA damage O O O Question #43 attachment CLOSE TOOLKIT
- Innate lymphoid cells reside primarily in tissues such as the lungs, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and the skin, because these sites represent the major routes of entry of pathogens into the body. Several different subsets of innate lymphoid cells exist, and each is specialized to respond to a category of pathogen (e.g., viruses, extracellular bacteria, helminthic parasites, etc). a) True b) FalseThe circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensinsThe correct order of words to describe how innate immune response responds to a pathogen that has gotten by the physical and chemical barriers is: À) Skin, Saliva, Cytokines, Macrophage B)Macrophage, Cytokines, Neutrophil, Natural Killer Cell C) Neutrophil, Cytokines, Killer T Cell, Antibodies D) Antigen, Macrophage, B Cell, Killer T Cell
- Describe how phagocytes recognize foreign cells. Explain the mechanism phagocytes use to kill engulfed cells. List some ways pathogens avoid the consequences of phagocytosis. Describe the cause, advantages and disadvantages of fever. Define complement and its role in host defenseStrep throat is commonly caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. A common symptom of strep throat is the presence of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. This symptom usually peaks about 2–4 days after the onset of the infection, and is due to: Damage to the pharyngeal epithelium by the bacteria Release of bacterial PAMPs leading to inflammatory cytokine production Trapping and activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of neutrophils to the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of circulating macrophages to the lymph nodes of the neckThe classical complement pathway involves activation of the complement proteins in which of the following manners? 1) C3b binds to the microbial surface, with factors B, D, and P 2) C1 binds to antibodies bound to the microbe's surface 3) Fungal mannose sugars trigger complement proteins in the blood 4) C3b binds to antibodies bound to the microbial surface
- Both antibodies and particular complement proteins, such as c3b, are capable of aiding phagocytes in attaching to bacteria. What term best describes these? O 1) opsonins O 2) haptens O 3) pyogens O 4) perforinsDescribe the general complement reaction in terms of a feedback system or cascade.Drag the labels to correctly relate host cells to the defense processes they carry out. Active in worm and fungal infections Mast cells Reset Predominant phagocytic cell to kill bacteria Allergic and inflammatory symptoms Myeloid progenitor Neutrophils Eosinophils Matures into macrophages and dendritic cells Matures into macrophages and dendric cels Stem cell Cell-mediated immunity Monocyte Lymphoid progenitor Produce antibodies B lymphocyte T lymphocyte