Draw and name the most prevalent anomeric form of glucose present in physiological systems?
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Draw and name the most prevalent anomeric form of glucose present in physiological systems?
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- Discuss the mechanisms that cells employ to create a concentration gradient to ensure continual uptake of glucose from the bloodstream.What is thedifference between “free” and “activated” glucose?Hemoglobin glycation (so named to distinguish it from glycosylation, which is the enzymatic transfer of glucose to a protein) is a non-enzymatic process that involves reaction of the N-terminal amino group of hemoglobin and glucose. The amount of glycated hemoglobin (GHB) is usually about 5% of total hemoglobin (and corresponds to a blood glucose concentration of 120 mg/100 mL). However, in people with untreated diabetes this value may be as high as 13%, which indicates an average blood level of about 300 mg/100 mL -dangerously high. One of the aims of insulin therapy is to maintain GHB values of about 7%. Draw a possible chemical scheme for the glycation of hemoglobin.
- How many high-energy phosphates are generated or consumed in converting (a) 1 mole of glucose to lactate? (b) 2 moles of lactate to glucose?Name the following pathways:(a) Pathway for synthesis of glycogen(b) Pathway for release of glucose from glycogen(c) Pathway for synthesis of glucose from lactateHow many NTP molecules are required to synthesize glucose from each of the following compounds? (a) Glucose 6-phosphate (b) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (c) Two molecules of oxaloacetate (d) Two molecules of dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- How many high-energy phosphates are generated or consumed in (a) converting 1 mole of glucose to lactate? (b) converting 2 moles of lactate to glucose?Name three metabolic processes in the cell that are enhanced and two that are inhibited in response to the hormone insulin.What is the source of Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)?
- 1) Draw a chromatogram depicting separation of proteins 1, 2, and 3 (protein #1, mw 30,000, protein #2, mw 60,000, and protein #3, mw 90,000). b)Indicate on the chromatogram in (a) where insulin would elute. Would insulin have total accessibility, some accessibility or no accessibility to the particle pores on this column? c)Referring to the size exclusion chromatogram in (a), indicate on the chromatogram where you would expect a molecule with a size of 40,000 to elute. Would you expect the molecule to be well resolved, somewhat resolved, or not resolved from the peak for protein #1?Express the Haworth projection of glucose. Show its alpha and beta anomers:Exlain the are four possible metabolic fates of glucose-6- phosphate?