During each cycle of B-oxidation of fatty acid, all the following compounds are generated except NADH O H20 OFAD Acyl COA
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- Before β-oxidation, fatty acids must be converted to their CoASH derivatives. Explain why this reaction is necessary.In the B-oxidation of a saturated, even chain fatty acid, four basic steps are involved. Describe these reactions using the degradation of palmitic acid as an example.Why is pentose phosphate pathway important for increased lipolysis in adipose tissue in response to CHO overfeeding
- The peroxisomal enzyme b-ketoacyl–CoA-thiolase does notbind medium-chain acyl-CoA, in contrast to the analogousmitochondrial enzyme. Explain why this phenomenon is anadvantage to the cell.Explain why the carbon skeletons of ketogenic amino acidsyielding acetylCoA only cannot be converted into glucose.Thiolase is homologous in structure to the condensing enzyme. On the basis of this observation, propose a mechanism for the cleavage of 3-ketoacyl CoA by CoA.
- Is it true that beta-ketoacyl-ACP-reductase catalyzes the committed stepn in fatty acid biosynthesis?Before b-oxidation, fatty acids are converted to theirCoASH derivatives. Explain why this reaction isnecessary.Step 2 of B-oxidation involves a reaction with chemistry characterized as a dehydration. B-Oxidation is shown below. H HO || || C-C-S – CoA FAD но R-CH2- C Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase H-C-C -S- CoA Acetyl-CoA Fatty acyl-CoA H FADH2 - CH2 - -c-S- CoA R- Thiolase Fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbons COA-SH H. он Successive cycles R-CH2-C-C- -C-S- CoA R– CH2 C=C-C-S-CoA H B-Ketoacyl-Co.A trans-A²Enoyl-CoA NADH + H* H,0 H H L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Enoyl-CoA hydratase R- CH,-c-c-C- S-CoA Но H NAD+ L-B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA True O False
- The end products of tryptophan degradation are acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA, yet tryptophan is a gluconeogenic amino acid in animals. Explain.Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5 activation by acyl-CoAsynthe ✓ [Choose ] one cycle ofß-oxidationbeginning at the enoyl-CoAhydratasestep three cycles ofẞ-oxidation five cycles ofß-oxidation activation by acyl-CoAsynthetase enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity enoyl-CoAisomeraseactivity V one cycle ofß-oxidationbegini V five cycles ofß-oxidation OHNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is thought to be exacerbated by a diet heavy in sugar. Explain?