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Distinguish between the nernst potential, electrical potential and equilibrium potential.
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- Actually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).Table 17-1 lists common half-reactions along with the standard reduction potential associated with each half-reaction. These standard reduction potentials are all relative to some standard. What is the standard (zero point)? lf is positive for a half-reaction, what does it mean? If is negative for a half-reaction, what does it mean? Which species in Table 17-1 is most easily reduced? Least easily reduced? The reverse of the half-reactions in Table 17-1 are the oxidation half-reactions. How are standard oxidation potentials determined? In Table 17-1, which species is the best reducing agent? The worst reducing agent? To determine the standard cell potential for a redox reaction, the standard reduction potential is added to the standard oxidation potential. What must be true about this sum if the cell is to be spontaneous (produce a galvanic cell)? Standard reduction and oxidation potentials are intensive. What does this mean? Summarize how line notation is used to describe galvanic cells.Determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction Sn+Pb2+Sn2++Pb
- 9.72 Although it can be a nuisance when a laptop computer freezes up and needs to be rebooted, we accept that as somewhat inevitable. But clearly the need to occasionally reboot the control system for the power grid would not be acceptable. Use the web to research ways that engineers ensure the reliability of crucial systems like the control infrastructure of the grid, and write a paragraph summarizing the main strategies employed.Gibbs free energy (G�) is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. It is the chemical potential for a reaction, and is minimized at equilibrium. It is defined as G=H−TS�=�−�� where H� is enthalpy, T� is temperature, and S� is entropy. The chemical reaction that causes magnesium to corrode in air is given by 2Mg+O2→2MgO2Mg+O2→2MgO in which at 298 K, ΔH∘rxn = −1204 kJΔ�rxn∘ = −1204 kJ and ΔS∘rxn = −217.1 J/KΔ�rxn∘ = −217.1 J/K. Part A Part complete What is the standard Gibbs free energy for this reaction? Assume the commonly used standard reference temperature of 298 K. Part B What is the Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5958 KK ? Assume that ΔHΔ� and ΔSΔ� do not change with temperature. Express your answer to two decimal places and include the appropriate units. Part C At what temperature Teq�eq do the forward and reverse corrosion reactions occur in equilibrium? Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units.(a) Choose all of the statements from below which correctly describe issues pertaining to the relationship between the emf of a reaction and its Gibbs free energy change. The Gibbs free energy change and emf values of a reaction have opposite algebraic signs (+ vs. -). A coulomb of particles is more particles than a mole of particles. Electron stoichiometry must be used to interconvert a Gibbs free energy change and a reaction emf. Faraday's constant is used to interconvert joules of energy and kilojoules of energy. Faraday's constant must be used in order to interconvert a Gibbs free energy change and a reaction emf.
- At 125 °C, 1 mol 0, and 2 mol H2 in a chamber have a total pressure of 3 atm. A current is run through the chamber, combining all the molecules into H,0 at constant volume. The pressure of the chamber, in atmospheres, is now:What is the standard Gibbs free energy for this reaction? Assume the commonly used standard reference temperature of 298 K. Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Submit AGixn = 6.24. 10¹¹ Part B AGrxn= xa Submit Part C μÅ Xb b Teq = Previous Answers X Incorrect; Try Again; 5 attempts remaining Enter your answer with a different unit type. Review a list of acceptable units. What is the Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5975 K ? Assume that AH and AS do not change with temperature. Express your answer to two decimal places and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Value μА Value . μA X.10n J K X Units At what temperature Teq do the forward and reverse corrosion reactions occur in equilibrium? Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Units ? ?How much energy (at constant temperature and pressure) must be supplied as heat to 10.0 g of chlorine gas (as Cl2) to produce a plasma composed of Cl- and Cl+ ions? The enthalpy of ionization of Cl(g) is +12575 kJ mol-1 and its electron gain enthalpy is -349 kJ mol-1. Hence identify the standardenthalpy of ionization of Cl- (g).
- Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy in kJ mol–1.The standard potentials for the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and oxaloacetate (reactants in the multistep metabolism of glucose) are as follows: Calculate the equilibrium constant at 298.15 K for the reaction.Gibbs free energy (G) is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. It is the chemical potential for a reaction, and is minimized at equilibrium. It is defined as G=H-TS where H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy. The chemical reaction that causes iron to corrode in air is given by 4Fe +302-2Fe2O3 in which at 298 K, AH = - 1684 kJ and ASixn - 543.7 J/K. = Part C At what temperature Teq do the forward and reverse corrosion reactions occur in equilibrium? Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Teq = Submit 14 μÅ Value Units ?