Epinephrine secretion allows for: activation glycogen phosphorylase a in liver cells inhibition glycogen phosphorylase in brain cells activation protein phosphatase 1 in liver and muscle cells activateion adenylate cyclase in liver and muscle cells inhibition glycogen phosphorylase b in muscle cells

Epinephrine secretion allows for: activation glycogen phosphorylase a in liver cells inhibition glycogen phosphorylase in brain cells activation protein phosphatase 1 in liver and muscle cells activateion adenylate cyclase in liver and muscle cells inhibition glycogen phosphorylase b in muscle cells

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18RE

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Epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown by activating glycogen phosphorylase. However, in the research lab, no glycogen breakdown occurred when epinephrine was added to a test tube containing the enzyme and its substrate, glycogen. Explain why glycogen phosphorylase could be activated by epinephrine only when the hormone was added to intact cells in a solution.
Activation of cAMP phosphodiesterase _________________________. Stimulates the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase Stimulates the phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase Stimulates the phosphorylation of PFK-2 Stimulates the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 All of the above None of the above Which of the following is likely to occur in type I diabetic patients? A decreased level of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) A decreased level of melanocortin Both A and B Neither A nor B
Different control mechanisms are used to regulate the synthesis of glycogen. Match the action on the left with the effect on the right. Increase in the concentration of inorganic phosphate ion Decrease in the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase Ű Clear All Decreasing glycogen synthesis Increasing glycogen synthesis No effect on glycogen synthesis
Insulin signals activate all of the following enzymes except: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) Protein kinase B (PKB; or Akt) All of the above enzymes are activated by insulin signals Citrate move in and out of mitochondria via a specific transport protein. What would happen if aninhibitor completely inhibited this transport system? Fatty acid biosynthesis would slow down Ketone body synthesis would slow down Both A and B Neither A nor B
During the epinephrine signaling pathway we learned about in class, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase is regulated by: Allosteric regulation Covalent modification Competitive inhibition Zymogen activation
Match the following molecules with their functions. Molecules CAMP Protein kinase A Glycogen phosphorylase Phosphoglucomutase Functions Converts glucose 1-P to glucose 6-P Phosphorylates a substrate using an inorganic phosphate Second messenger that can activate downstream proteins Phosphorylates a protein using ATP
Which of the following is false about chymotrypsin? A Hydrolytic cleavage of a peptide bond by chymotrypsin involves two nucleophilic attacks to the substrate B It is activated in the presence of trypsin C It is synthesized in the thyroid gland D Polypeptide chains in chymotrypsin are linked by S-S bonds
HbA1c is used to monitor blood glucose levels because hemoglobin is the only protein in blood that is covalently modified by glucose. True False Insulin Glargine is a long-acting form of insulin that is synthesized with several D-amino acids that slow its proteolytic degradation and extend the half-life of the insulin Glargine molecule. True False
John was repeating George Palade's pulse and chase experiment to trace insulin secretion pathway within cells. When he observed his samples under the electron microscope, he saw the ³H]-leucine labelling all over the cells, which indicates that he made some mistakes in carrying out the experiment. Which of the following is a correct suggestion to improve his result? O Use liver sample after the pulse-chase injection O Inject [13C]-leucine instead of [³H]-leucine Inject non-labeled leucine earlier than what he did O Use phase contrast light microscope instead of electron microscope O Observe the sample two days after pulse-chase injection
Describe the effects of The effect on the glucagon response in the liver treated with a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor on glycogen metabolism on cell signaling pathways and metabolism or cell cycle control.
The hormone, glucagon, is released in the body when glucose levels are low. Briefly describe how each of the following participate in the response to glucagon: gluconeogenesis glycolysis F16BP F26BP PFK-1 PFK-2 FBPase-1 FBPase-2
(a) Predict the effect of a mutation that enhances the activity of the kinase associated with the PDH complex. (b) Predict the effect of a mutation that reduces the activity of the phosphatase associated with the PDH complex.