Example 2.9 Suppose that a particular trait of a person (such as eye color or left handedness) is classified on the basis of one pair of genes and suppose that d represents a dominant gene and r a recessive gene. Thus a person with dd genes is pure dominance, one with rr is pure recessive, and one with rd is hybrid. The pure dominance and the hybrid are alike in appearance. Chil- dren receive one gene from each parent. If, with respect to a particular trait, two hybrid parents have a total of four children, what is the probability that exactly three of the four children have the outward appearance of the dominant gene?

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