Exercise 1: Albinism is a hereditary deficiency characterized by the absence of pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair, due to the absence of a black pigment: the melanin. Tyrosinase is an enzyme implicated in the biosynthesis of this pigment. The gene coding for tyrosinase exists in different alleles. We consider only 2 alleles: allele A coding for the active tyrosinase responsible for the synthesis of melanin, and allele B coding for the inactive tyrosinase which doesn't allow the synthesis of Albinism melanin. The document below represents a partial sequence of a strand of the 2 alleles A and B. Number of triplet 80 81 82 83 84 85 Allele A TGC САА CGA TCC ТАТ СТТ Allele B TGC САА САА ТСС ТАТ 1. 1.1. Compare the sequences of the 2 alleles coding for tyrosinase. 1.2.What can you conclude concerning the position and the type of the mutation that took place? hook

Exercise 1: Albinism is a hereditary deficiency characterized by the absence of pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair, due to the absence of a black pigment: the melanin. Tyrosinase is an enzyme implicated in the biosynthesis of this pigment. The gene coding for tyrosinase exists in different alleles. We consider only 2 alleles: allele A coding for the active tyrosinase responsible for the synthesis of melanin, and allele B coding for the inactive tyrosinase which doesn't allow the synthesis of Albinism melanin. The document below represents a partial sequence of a strand of the 2 alleles A and B. Number of triplet 80 81 82 83 84 85 Allele A TGC САА CGA TCC ТАТ СТТ Allele B TGC САА САА ТСС ТАТ 1. 1.1. Compare the sequences of the 2 alleles coding for tyrosinase. 1.2.What can you conclude concerning the position and the type of the mutation that took place? hook

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter8: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13TYK: Discuss Concepts Like other accessory pigments, the carotenoids extend the range of wavelengths...

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"Schematic outline of melanogenesis. UVR stimulates the expression of POMC by keratinocytes. The peptide produced is the precursor of the hormone a-MSH, that binds to MC1R in melanocytes. This union leads to an increase in cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that in turn leads to increased levels of MITF expression, which upregulates the transcription of TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2, producing brown-black eumelanin. In the absence of a-MSH, the antagonist ASIP binds to MC1R, and phaeomelanin is synthetized instead. Melanosomes are then transferred to keratinocytes through the dendrites via a shedding vesicle system." Briefly discuss how these several aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of melanin production and melanosome transfer contribute to determine skin color. How would different mutations in the hormonal response to ultraviolet light, the melanin production signal transduction pathways, and melanosome transfer influence skin color, hair color, and eye color? Did…
Thank you so much. I had already calculated this exercise, but I thought that I did it wrong, however I get same result as you. Reason for thinking I had done it wrong is that, my teacher have answered this exercise before and the second part is different than mine and yours. I dont understand how she get the value for second part? It's so confusing
BL1250 Group activity 4 2020 (1) – Saved to my Mac v Mailings Review View Tell me EXERCISE 4 QUESTIONS 1. TRANSCRIPTION: Much research effort has been invested in understanding how transcription is regulated, because this process is very important for determining cell function. Transcription is a major on/ off switch for genes, providing the instructions for translation and determining the types and amounts of proteins made in a cell at a specific time. The Zebrafish is a model organism for research, and many biologists study how the regulation of genes affects the development of the zebrafish embryo. The effects of a variety of experimental conditions on zebrafish embryos can be easily visualized by light microscopy, because the outer covering (chorion) and the embryo are both transparent. See an images of zebrafish embryos at different time points in development and the adult form below. 0h Os 0.75 h 2h 3.25 h 8 h 16 h 24 h 72 h Adult -3 months (not to scale) Image from:…
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Explain why Tyrosinase (TYR) plays a crucial role in the melanin biosynthesis pathway The gene encodes an enzyme called tyrosinase, which is responsible for oxidizing tyrosine. Explain why the TYR has a significant association with skin color in humans and coat color in animals Mutations in the TYR gene cause a variety of diseases, including albinism and vitiligo
Blood lactate is a biochemical by-product that is produced during high-intensity exercise due to insufficient oxygen intake. Commercially available drinks advertised as oxygen sup- plements claim to increase exercise performance and decrease the postexercise recovery period by decreasing the accumulation and accelerating the removal of blood lactate. To test this claim, researchers conducted a controlled experiment to compare the concen- tration of blood lactate during exercise and during recovery between two participant groups, one that ingested oxygen-supplemented water and another that ingested regular water. ( blood lactate (mmol/liter) C A B start с Exercise D middle -o-oxygen-supplemented water --regular water finish blood lactate (millimole/liter) b N The mean blood lactate concentration during exercise (left) and recovery (right) Which of the following best describes the results of the experiment? Recovery 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 time (mins) --oxygen-supplemented water…
Blood lactate is a biochemical by-product that is produced during high-intensity exercise due to insufficient oxygen intake. Commercially available drinks advertised as oxygen sup- plements claim to increase exercise performance and decrease the postexercise recovery period by decreasing the accumulation and accelerating the removal of blood lactate. To test this claim, researchers conducted a controlled experiment to compare the concen- tration of blood lactate during exercise and during recovery between two participant groups, one that ingested oxygen-supplemented water and another that ingested regular water. blood lactate (millimole/liter) U A B start с Exercise D middle -o-oxygen-supplemented water regular water finish The mean blood lactate concentration during exercise (left) and recovery (right) Which of the following identifies the dependent variable in this experiment? the concentration of blood lactate the duration of the recovery period blood lactate (mmol/liter) the…
. GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step in glycolysis, an important reaction that produces molecules used in cellular respiration. Table 2 below shows the percentage similarity of this gene and the protein it expresses in humans versus other species. For example, according to the table, the GAPDH gene in chimpanzees is 99.6% identical to the gene found in humans, while the protein is identical. Draw a cladogram depicting the evolutionary relationships among all five species (including humans) according to their percentage similarity in the GAPDH gene. Table 2. Percentage Similarity Between the GAPDH Gene and Protein in Humans and Other Species Species Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) Roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans) Gene Percentage Similarity 99.6% 91.3% 72.4% 68.2% Protein Percentage Similarity 100% 95.2% 76.7% 74.3%
Metabolic Gene Expression Endurance training induces up-regulation of metabolic genes encoding enzymes or transporters such as hexokinase, lipoprotein lipase and Resistance training may produce similar changes but primarily in metabolism. Muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training results from increased protein synthesis which results from increased
. CTP synthetase catalyzes the glutamine-dependent conversion of UTP to CTP. The enzyme is allosterically inhibited by the product, CTP. Mammalian cells defective in this allosteric inhibition are found to have a complex phenotype: They require thymidine in the growth medium, they have unbalanced nucleotide pools, and they have a mutator phenotype. Explain the basis for these observations.
MATCHING Label the diagram below using the drop down menu provided. E Choose.. E. Choose.. Choose... D Choose... Choose... choose.