Q: What do you mean by dehydogenase. Elaborate on their function in general ?
A: Enzymes are biological molecules that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the…
Q: What is the difference between phospholipase A1 and A2?
A: The difference between the phospholipases is based on the site at which they hydrolyse…
Q: List two ways in which glutathione functions in red blood cells.
A: Glutathione is a tripeptide which means it is composed of three amino acids, namely- glycine,…
Q: Given lecithin, sphingomyelin, cephalin, phosphatidylcholine which of the following does not contain…
A: Lecithin is a fatty acid substance present in animal and plant tissues and amphiphilic in nature. It…
Q: The synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine requires: a. Tetrahydrofolate b.…
A: The study of chemical reactions that occurs within living organisms is called biochemistry. This…
Q: How many products are obtained by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol by phospholipase C?a) 1b)…
A: The enzymes that can hydrolyze phospholoipids into fatty acids and lipophilic substances are known…
Q: Explain Cofilin
A: Actin is an essential component of microfilaments. It is a multi-functional globular protein that…
Q: Which of the following is the Haworth Projection of Glucose?
A: The cyclic structure in Haworth projection displays the ring as flat. In the associated Haworth…
Q: What do Lipid-soluble messengers include?
A: Answer- Chemical messenger is a molecule that can bind to the receptor protein to evoke a response…
Q: a) Draw an alpha 16 linkage between N-acetylglucosamine (phosphorylated at carbon number 6) and…
A: following image shows the alpha 1 6 glycosidic linkage.
Q: Identify the molecule produce by the phosphorylation of ADP.
A: Energy is used by cells to carry out their essential tasks. Through the breakdown of organic…
Q: List the common structural features of prostaglandins.
A: Prostaglandins are a group of compounds made of lipids found in almost all cells and tissues. They…
Q: Distinguish among the three types of glycosphingolipids,cerebrosides, sulfatides, and gangliosides
A: Introduction: Glycosphingolipids are glycolipids that contain the amino alcohol sphingosine. They…
Q: What is phospholipase A2?
A: The enzymes that split fatty acid in position two of phospholipids, hydrolyzing the bond between…
Q: Draw the molecular structures of the products obtained when…
A: Phospholipases are the enzymes which serves for different functions. Phospholipase A1 enzyme…
Q: Phospholipase A2 causes the release of what fatty acid from membrane phospholipids? What chemical…
A: Phospholipase is an enzyme that breaks down phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic…
Q: Determine the type of inhibition by AMP? Explain
A: Inhibitors are substances which inhibit the enzyme activity by binding to the active site or…
Q: Describe one function of prostaglandins.
A: The prostaglandins are a group of lipid molecules that are produced near the damaged tissues or at…
Q: Define the term eicosanoids? What does it include?
A: Special signaling molecules synthesized from fatty acid molecules made up of 20 carbon atoms…
Q: Describe briefly how cyclic AMP regulates phospholipid production.
A: The G-protein coupled receptor is a seven-transmembrane alpha-helix with an exterior ligand-binding…
Q: Explain why adipocytes need glucose as well as fatty acids in order to synthesize triacylglycerols.
A: Triacylglycerol is the main component of body fat in humans and other animals (as well as vegetable…
Q: Give examples of chemokines.
A: Chemokines are a family of chemoattractant cytokines (small proteins secreted by cells that…
Q: What is a toxic phospholipase?
A: Phospholipases are hydrolytic enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
Q: Explain about the Iodine (Protein Bound Iodine) ?
A: Iodine is a mineral that is naturally found in the earth. It is purple-black in color. It is an…
Q: what are Cohesin Complexes ?
A: A sequence of events occurring in a cell, which causes the cell to divide and forms two daughter…
Q: What are endorphins, and what is their connection to dietary fat?
A: Endorphins also trigger a positive feeling in the body, similar to that of morphine.
Q: compare between phenylalanine and tyrosine
A: Phenylalanine and tyrosine are amino acids that contain a benzene ring side chain. Amino acids are…
Q: Define phospholipases.
A: An enzyme is defined as a substance that will play the role of a catalyst in living or biotic…
Q: What is cohesins
A: A cell consists of a cell organelle, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, receptors, etc. Each…
Q: Define what lectins are and outline their biochemical functions.
A: Carbohydrate binding proteins (CBP) are the proteins that can interact with sugar chains but do not…
Q: Briefly describe how cyclic AMP controls phospholipid synthesis.
A: The G-protein coupled receptor is a seven transmembrane alpha helix, which has an external domian…
Q: Define the basic structure of a steroid and some steroid functions
A: Steroid is a type of lipid. Steroid is present in plant and animal both.
Q: Explain Ca21 as a Second Messenger?
A: Introduction Calcium is a very important ion present intracellularly. It controls various processes…
Q: Explain the comparison of a triacylglycerol, a phosphoacylglycerol, and a sphingomyelin ?
A: Lipids include fats, oil, waxy like substances. They are non-polar and hydrophobic in nature…
Q: Draw the structure of the phosphate group in phosphatidylcholine (or give its stoichiometry).
A: Phosphatidylcholine is one of 2 fatty acids that make up outer layer of membrane covering each of 70…
Q: List some of the functions prostaglandins serve in the body.
A: Prostaglandins are lipids made from eicosanoids. They have hormone-like effects in humans and are…
Q: What do the interactions suggest about the structure of phospholipases?
A: A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic…
Q: Give two functions of trypsin?
A: Kuhne is the scientist, who discovered the proteolytic activity of the pancreatic enzyme-trypsin.…
Q: How does the chemical nature of lipid-soluble messengers relate to the general principle of…
A: A hormone is a chemical messenger which is secreted and which enables communication throughout the…
Q: Complete the following chart about PDHK activity by determining if the molecule would be in high or…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) is a kinase enzyme that is very important to regulate the…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a steroid molecule?
A: Testosterone is a primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. Estrogen is one of the sex…
Q: Explain why triacylglycerols should be the principal source of stored metabolic energy.
A: The most basic lipids produced by fatty acids are triacylglycerol's, generally known as…
Q: Define triacylglycerol
A: In living organisms, fats and oils are most commonly utilized as energy storage. They are fatty acid…
Q: Define steroids and give two examples and state their functions.
A: Steroids are also called as corticosteroids. These are secreted by three steroid glands- adrenal…
Explain Specificity of phospholipases.
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- Draw the structure of the phosphatidic acid group in phosphatidylcholine (or give its stoichiometry).Outline some of the physiological roles of leptin in the body.The venom of the Eastern diamondback rattler and the Indian cobra contains phospholipase A2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the C-2 position of glycerophospholipids. The phospholipid breakdownproduct of this reaction is lysolecithin (lecithin is phosphatidylcholine). At high concentrations, this and other lysophospholipids act as detergents, dissolving the membranes of erythrocytes and lysing the cells. Extensive hemolysis may be lifethreatening.(a) All detergents are amphipathic. What are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of lysolecithin?(b) The pain and inflammation caused by a snake bite can be treated with certain steroids. What is the basis of this treatment?(c) Though the high levels of phospholipase A2 in venom can be deadly, this enzyme is necessary for a variety of normal metabolic processes. What are these processes?