Explain the anti-apoptotic role of telomerase and telomeres. In which cell type telomerase is normally expressed? Understand the pathway of cellular response to DNA damage; main players of this pathway such as p53 and p21, how they get activated and what is th

Explain the anti-apoptotic role of telomerase and telomeres. In which cell type telomerase is normally expressed? Understand the pathway of cellular response to DNA damage; main players of this pathway such as p53 and p21, how they get activated and what is th

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter16: Regulation Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK

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Concept explainers

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

Question

1. Explain the anti-apoptotic role of telomerase and telomeres. In which cell type telomerase is normally expressed? Understand the pathway of cellular response to DNA damage; main players of this pathway such as p53 and p21, how they get activated and what is their function in the pathway.

2. Explain role of Apoptosis during embryo development and during metamorphosis.

3. Explain the main players of apoptosis – caspases (their active site, what site they target during cleavage, role of initiator caspases vs executioner caspases).

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