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- Use a demand-and-supply model to explain the impact of occupational segregation or “crowding” on the relative wage rates and earnings of men and women. Who gains and who loses from the elimination of occupational segregation? Is there a net gain or a net loss to society? ExplainSuppose male wages are determined by the earnings function WM = 25 + 0.40EM and female wages are determined by the earnings function WF = 15 + 0.20EF. If women have 10 years of experience and men have 20, what is the gender wage gap? How much can be attributed to human capital differences and how much is unexplained, and therefore attributed to discrimination? Show this scenario on a graph of both the male and female earnings functionsThe U.S. Bureau of the Census reported that, on average, white men earn $50, 945, whereas white women earn $31,008. Economic discrimination explains at least some of this wage gap, but economists think that there are other factors that also contibute to wage gaps. Which factor is not an explanation offered by economists for these types of wage gaps? Various groups in the population graduate from college at varying rates. Differences in earnings can be explained in part by differences in educational attainment. Men and women take different types of jobs. Men are more likely to prioritze jobs with higher wages, and women are more likely to prioritize jobs with other desirable characteristics. On average, men and women have different amounts of experience in their jobs. Ceteris paribus, men are less likely to temporarily leave the workforce and, therefore, have more experience than women. There are innate differences between men and women that make men more productive than women. Because…
- Suppose there are two occupations: nurses and doctors. Draw hypothetical supply and demand graphs for male and female workers to both occupations assuming that some of each prefers each job. Now, assume that medical school admissions officers assume that women are unqualified to be doctors so all women find work as nurses. Show the effects of discrimination on your graph.Can affirmative action policies use quotas? What are the political and economic beliefs of Thomas Sowell (b.1930), one of the most prominent black conservatives of the 1980s and 1990s? Was the response of members of the Congressional Black Caucus to the results of the presidential election in 2000? What would HR 40, proposed by Representative John Conyers (b. 1929) create if enacted into law? What is the economic reason rap music circulates more profitably than other dimensions of hip-hop culture?Explain the theory of factor mobility. Consider this theory, and create a trade agreement between two to four countries that does not already exist. Explain why this agreement would be beneficial to each country and how the theory of factor mobility connects to this trade agreement.
- Analyze and elaborate the factors that lead to wage differentials between two different regions of a country.In what decades did US female labor force participation increase the most rapidly? What factors drove both the magnitude of this change as well as its timing? How did the measured wage gap changed over the same period of time in which the greatest change in female labor force participation? What do Goldin (and/or Gordon) believe has led to movements in the wage gap? What is the significance of this result [in terms of discrimination]? How has female labor participation changed in recent decades? What accounts for this final observation?How are Labor Markets Affected by Discrimination? What is meant by a Poverty Trap?
- What are the welfare effects of a binding minimum wage? Use a graphical approach to show what happens if all workers are identical. Then describe in writing what is likely to happen to workers who differ by experience, education. age, gender, and race.Compare and contrast the impact of a minimum wage law vs. a cash transfer program in the labor market. Show the difference using a supply and demand model.Determine which of the three principle sources of wage differentials is most likely to account for each scenario. * A licensed physician earns more than a nurse: differences in total human capital compensating differentials differences in talent or ability * City sanitation workers earn more than park maintenance workers: compensating differentials differences in talent or ability differences in total human capital * Physical therapists earn more than massage therapists. differences in talent or ability compensating differentials differences in total human capital * Jack, a 22-year-old soccer player, earns more than Jim, who is the same age and has the same level of experience. compensating differentials differences in total human capital differences in talent or ability