Firms that issue callable bonds have the option of repaying the principal to the bond buyers before the stated maturity date for the bonds. Firms may call their bonds before maturity in order to avoid making some of the coupon payments. Should we expect the price of a
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- Answer these three questions about early-stage corporate finance: Why do very small companies tend to raise money from private investors instead of through an IPO? Why do small, young companies often prefer an IPO to borrowing from a bank or issuing bonds? Who has better information about whether a small firm is likely to earn profits, a venture capitalist or a potential bondholder, and why?Please expalin the right answer A 10-year, annual payment corporate coupon bond has an expected return of 11 percent and a required return of 10 percent. The bond's market price is: A) greater than its present value. B) less than par. C) less than its expected rate or return. D) less than its present value. E) $1,000.00.2. Assume a bond with the following characteristics: face value = $1000; maturity = 5 years; N yearly coupon payments = $100. a. If the current price of this bond is $850, state what the formula is to calculate the bond's yield to maturity and state the range of interest rates where the yield to maturity should fall b. If you purchased this bond at face value and held it for 1 year, when you resold it for $850, what is the bond's rate of return?
- bond valuation An investor has two nonds in her portfolio, bond C and bond Z. each bond maturres in 4 years has a face value of 1000, and has a yield to maturity of 9.6% bond C pays a 10% annual coupon, while bond Z is a zeo coupon bond . b- assuming that the yield to maturity of each bond remains at9.6% over the next 4 years, calculate the price of the bonds at each of the following years to maturity year 4,3,2,1,0 b- plot the time path of price for each bondThe demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, andtwo years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of£) as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantitydemanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond asthe interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate? d) Suppose that the bond trades at premium. Is there excess demand or supply? Explain.e) There is a business cycle expansion, so both supply and demand shifts. After the shift, thenew demand curve is given by: D = 4000 + X − 2P, whereas the new supply curve is S =2P + 200. For which values of X will the interest increase/decrease? Which values of X arein line with empirical data?The demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, andtwo years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of£) as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantitydemanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond asthe interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate?
- Consider price quotes and characteristics for two different bonds:Bond A Bond BCoupon Payment Annual AnnualMaturity 3 years 3 yearsCoupon Rate 10% 6%Yield to Maturity 10.65% 10.75%Price 98.40 88.34At the same time, you observe the spot rates for the next three years:Term Spot (Zero-Coupon) Rates1 year 5%2 years 8%3 years 11%Demonstrate whether the price for either of these bonds is consistent with the quotedspot rates. Under these conditions, recommend whether Bond A or Bond B appears tobe the better purchase.Suppose an ordinary bond has a coupon rate of 10 percent, the yield to maturity is quotedat 12 percent. This is semiannual coupon, the bond matures in ten years. Calculate thebond’s price. Calculate the effective annual yield on this bond.Suppose that you purchase a 2 year coupon bond at the time it is issued for $1100. The face value of the bond is $1000, with annual coupon payments of $80. a. What is the bond’s “coupon rate”? b. What is the bond’s “current yield”? c. What is the bond’s (nominal) “yield to maturity”? d. If you hold the bond for 1 year and sell it for $1035 (after collecting the first coupon payment), what is your “holding period rate of return”? Please answer all part otherwise Dounvote
- 3. What is the yield to maturity of a 15% coupon bond selling for $900 that has a face value of $1,000?6. An investor purchases a 30-year U.S. government bond for $840. The bond’s couponrate is 10 percent and, it still had twelve years remaining until maturity. If the investorholds the bond until it matures and collects the $1000 par value from the Treasuryand his marginal tax rate is 25 percent (we assume that the bond is taxable), what willbe his after-tax (effective) yield to maturity? Make sure to show your work.A taxable bond has a yield of 9%, and a municipal bond has a yield of 6.5%. If youare in a 30% tax bracket, explain which bond you will prefer. At what tax rate wouldyou be indifferent between these two bonds?