For a block length of 100, Go Back N will reduce to 50% efficiency at the bit error rate of 10^ and Selective Repeat will reduce to 50% efficiency at the bit error rate of 10^ Choose the nearest whole number. i.e. if the value is -3.2, answer -3. if the answer is -3.6 answer-4.
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- Cs The redundant bit offers a simple error correction. Example The sixth digit in the ISBN 0 – 7923 519 - X has - faded out. We want to find the missing digit.Simplify the function F represented by the following Kmap into the simplest SOP expression: AB 00 CD 01 11 10 00 01 1 11 1 10 Select one: O a. F= B'D' ABC A CD Ob. F= CD ABC + A'CD AB CD O c. F= CD ABC + A CD - AB'D' Od. F= CD ABC A CDIn a two's complement number system, x &= (x-1) deletes the rightmost 1-bitin x. Explain why. Use this observation to write a faster version of bitcount.
- Given two five-bit numbers A and B: A= a4 a3 a2 a₁ ao and B=b4 b3 b2 b1 bo. Follow the approach for deriving the Boolean expression for AgtB (Section 4.5) to write a similar Boolean expression for the output AltB. Synthesize the network for AltB.If you have a codeword set that has a hamming distance of at least 13 between all codewords, then how many bits of transmission error can be corrected?For each number, perform the following bitwise operations. You don't have to show work for each conversion. Format your answers in the following ways, points will be deducted if answers are not formatted correctly. Answers are numbered. Write all hexadecimal numbers using the 0x notation to differentiate between other number systems. Write all binary numbers in groups of 4 bits XXXX XXXX or groups of 8 bits XXXXXXXX What mask value will make the expression true when applying bitwise inclusive OR (|)?10011001 11101100 10101010 11001100???????? ???????? ???????? ????????-----------------------------------11111111 11101111 10101010 11001111Express the mask as an 8 digit hexadecimal number. Given the following:unsigned int result = 0;unsigned int num1 = 0x41;unsigned int num2 = 0x78;unsigned int num3 = 0x43;unsigned int num4 = 0x7A;result = (num1 << 24);result = result | (num4 << 16);result = result | (num2 << 8);result = result | num3;A) Express the value of…
- In cyclic redundancy checking, if g(x) =1011, d(x)= 0100, and the remainder to be 111, what is the codeword c(x) a. 1011111 b.0100111 c. 10110100 d.01001011 e. 1011 f. 0100 g. 111B wants to send (1, 0, 1, 1) using code (1, 1, -1, -1) D wants to send (0, 1, 1, 0) using code (1, -1, 1, -1) For each 1 bit, send the code. For each 0 bit, send the code inverse. B sends: (1, 1, -1, -1 -1, -1, 1, 1 1, 1, -1, -1 1, 1, -1, 6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6. -1) What will D send? (D0, D1, D2, D3 D4, D5, D6, D7 D8, D9, D10, D11 D12, D13, D14, D15)Implement the design of a 2-bit binary subtractor meaning a 2-bit subtracted by another 2-bit. The 2-bit minuend are labeled AB (A = MSB, B = LSB) and the 2-bit subtrahend are labeled CD (C = MSB, D = LSB) and the 4-bit difference is labeled as WXYZ (W = MSB, Z = LSB). Any negative value answers should display in 1's complement.
- We can perform logical operations on strings of bits by considering each pair of corresponding bits separately (called bitwise operation). Given two eight-bit strings A = 10110001 and B = 10101100 , evaluate the eight-bit result after the following logical operations: XORAnswer this question using the method in lecture for estimating bitlength. The bitlength of (37002) (144)s (where both the base and exponent are written in base 8) is approximately Question 2 If M is a 30-bit integer and N is a 100-bit integer, then the integer (M³N? + 1015 MS N)(850 M4 + N³) (where 10, 15, 50, etc. are decimal numbers) has approximately how many bits?Implementing AES Implement (almost) the first round of AES with a 128-bit key. Given a 128-bit plaintext and a 128-bit key, this involves: Performing a bitwise XOR with the plaintext and the key Applying byte substitution for each byte in the state Applying shift rows on the state table rows Applying mix columns on the state table columns Output the state table at this point. The "almost" above means that you don't have to perform the XOR with the state and the first sub-key. Please name the program AESEncryptRound.java or aesencryptround.py. You may hard code the inputs. Please use the following inputs, which are the same as given in Appendix B of the FIPS197 document: plaintext = 0x3243f6a8885a308d313198a2e0370734 key = 0x2b7e151628aed2a6abf7158809cf4f3c The byte substitution, multiply-by-2, an multiply-by-3 tables are available at AEStables.txt. Each is given as a list where the ith entry is the value of applying the given operation to i. Please print the state table after each…