For the rearrangement of ammonium cyanate to urea in aqueous solution at 50 °C NH4NCO- (NH2)2CO the following data have been obtained: [NH4NCO], M 0.734 time, min 0 0.226 278 0.134 556 9.47x10-2 834 The average rate of disappearance of NH4NCO over the time period from t = 278 min to t = 556 min is min-¹. M

For the rearrangement of ammonium cyanate to urea in aqueous solution at 50 °C NH4NCO- (NH2)2CO the following data have been obtained: [NH4NCO], M 0.734 time, min 0 0.226 278 0.134 556 9.47x10-2 834 The average rate of disappearance of NH4NCO over the time period from t = 278 min to t = 556 min is min-¹. M

Physical Chemistry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781133958437

Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Publisher:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Chapter20: Kinetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20.89E: Label the elementary processes for the reaction between H2 and O2 see section 20.7 as initiation,...

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The rate of photodecomposition of the herbicide piclo- ram in aqueous systems was determined by exposure to sunlight for a number of days. One such experiment produced the following results. (Data from R.T. Hedlun and C.R. Youngson, “The Rates of Photodecomposition of Picloram in Aqueous Systems," Fate of Organic Pesticides in tbe Aquatic Environment, Advances in Chemistry Series, #111, American Chemical Society (1972), 159—172.) Exposure Time, t (days) [Pidoram] (mol L_1) 0 4.14 X 10-6 7 3.70 X 10-6 14 3.31 X 10-6 21 2.94 X 10~6 28 2.61 X 10~6 35 2.30 X 10-6 42 2.05 X 10-6 49 1.82 X 10"6 56 1.65 X 10-6 Determine the order of reaction, the rate constant, and the half-life for the photodecomposition of picloram.
The acid-catalyzed iodination of acetone CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) CH3COCH2I(aq) + HI(aq) is a common laboratory experiment used in general chemistry courses to teach the method of initial rates. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by the disappearance of the color of iodine in the solution. The following data (J. P. Birk and D. L Walters, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 69, p. 585, 1992) were collected at 23 C for this reaction. Determine the rate law for this reaction.
The following experimental data were obtained for the reaction of \'I14* and NOf in acidic solution. NH/(aq) + NO2-(aq) — N;(g) + 2 H,O(f) INH/I (mol L1) [NO21 (mol L-1, Rate = A[NJ/At (mol L-1 s’) 0.0092 0.098 3.33 X IO"7 0.0092 0.049 1.66 X 10‘7 0.0488 0.196 3.51 X 10"6 0.0249 0.196 1.80 X 10-6 Determine the rate law for this reaction and calculate the rate constant.
11.48 The following data were collected for the decomposition of NT),-: Time, f (min) [N2Os] (mol L-1) 0 0.200 5 0.171 10 0.146 15 0.125 20 0.106 25 0.0909 30 0.0777 35 0.0664 40 0.0570 Use appropriate graphs to determine the rate constant for this reaction. Find the half-life of the reaction.
Can a reaction mechanism ever be proven correct? Can it be proven incorrect?
Nitroglycerine is an extremely sensitive explosive. In a series of carefully controlled experiments, samples of the explosive were heated to 160 C and their first-order decomposition studied. Determine the average rate constants for each experiment using the following data: Initial [C3H5N3O9] (M) 4.88 3.52 2.29 1.81 5.33 4.05 2.95 1.72 t (s) 300 300 300 300 180 180 180 180 %Decomposed 52.0 52.9 53.2 53.9 34.6 35.9 36.0 35.4
Define stability from both a kinetic and thermodynamic perspective. Give examples to show the differences in these concepts.
Label the elementary processes for the reaction between H2 and O2 see section 20.7 as initiation, propagation, branching, or termination reactions.
The uncoiling of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a first-order reaction. Its activation energy is 420 kJ. At 37C, the rate constant is 4.90104min1 (a) What is the half-life of the uncoiling at 37C (normal body temperature)? (b) What is the half-life of the uncoiling if the organism has a temperature of 40C(104F)? (c) By what factor does the rate of uncoiling increase (per C) over this temperature interval?
What is the difference between the integrated and differential forms of the rate law?
For the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon 1, 3-butadiene (CH2 = CH - CH = CH2) has ranked 38th among the top 50 industrial Chemicals. It is used primarily for the manufacture of synthetic rubber. An isomer exists also as cyclobutene: The isomerization of cyclobutene to butadiene is first-order and the rate constant has been measured as 2.0104s1 at 150 C in a 0.53-L ?ask. Determine the partial pressure of cyclobutene and its concentration after 30.0 minutes if an isomerization reaction is carried out at 150 C with an initial pressure of 55 torr.
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