Need help, please. Frog muscle cells and the solution bathing the cells contain ions at differentconcentrations. The concentrations of Na+, Ca²+, K+ and CI¯ are shown in the table. Thetemperature is 25 °C.ionintracellular concentration(MM)Na+12extracellular concentration 120Ca²+x 10-43K+15510CI™462(MM)The resting frog muscle membrane potential is determined by the equilibrium of K+ acrossthe cell membrane. What is the voltage inside the frog cell if the outside solution is atzero volts?

The concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl- are shown in the following table. Temperature = 25…

Answered: Frog muscle cells and the solution…

Biomedical Instrumentation Systems

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133478294

Author:Chatterjee

Publisher:Chatterjee

Chapter6: Biomedical Electrodes, Sensors, And Transducers

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6P

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One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?
Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.
Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)
V=62 log 10 (C0/Ci ) for a positive ion at 37 degrees Celsius. What is theoretical ratio of solution ion across the membrane when the resting membrane potential is 124 mV?
Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletal muscle. Table Q1(a) Permeability (cm/s) 2 x 10-8 2х 10 Ions Intracellular Extracellular Na* 12 145 K+ 155 4 4 120 4 x 106 By referring to Table Q1(a), compute the equilibrium resting potential for this membrane by assuming the room temperature is 20° C. Given the Boltzman's constant, k = 1.38 x 1023 J/K and an electronic charge, q = 1.602 x 10-19 C.
The membrane potential for an excitable cell membrane is -70 mV, for sodium ions the Nernst equilibrium potential is +50 mV, the conductivity of the single sodium channel is 10 pS. What is the electrochemical potential difference that is the driving force for sodium ions to migrate? How much current flows through an open sodium channel under these conditions?
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). Membrane permeable only to Cl−.
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50 M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). Membrane equally permeable to both ions.
You have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ions
Use the Goldman Equation to calculate the resting membrane potential at 37°C for each case:
For a typical vertebrate cell with a membrane potential of −0.070 V (inside negative), what is the free-energy change for transporting 1 mol of Na+ from the cell into the blood at 37 °C? Assume the concentration of Na+ insidethe cell is 12 mM and in blood plasma it is 145 mM.

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