H11.38 - Level 2 Unanswered • 3 attempts left Which of the following reactions would NOT have a "proton transfer step" in the reaction mechanism: 2-bromo-2-methylbutane + A H2O →2-methyl-2-butanol 2-bromobutane + NaOH → В (E)-2-butene 1-bromobutane + NaOMe → C methoxy butane 2-bromo-2-methylbutane + tert- D butoxide → 2-methyl-1-butene
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- Acetic anhydride reacts with water in the following manner: CH3C(O)-O-C(O)CH3 + H2O = 2CH3CO2 If this reaction is carried out in an inert solvent with low concentrations of both acetic anhydride and water, it follows the rate law rate = k [CH3C(O)-O-C(O)CH3] [H2O] with a rate constant of 0.0035 s-1. However, if low concentrations of acetic anhydride are placed in pure water, it follows the rate law rate = K [CH3C(O)-O-C(O)CH3] where K = 0.1944 s-1. Explain why this is happening.1. For the rearrangement of cyclopropane to propene at 500°C, the following data have been obtained: [(CH2)3], M (CH2), CH,CH=CH2 2.98 x10- 5.55 x10-2 1.60 x10- 8.56x10-3 time, min 15.5 31.0 46.5 What is the rate of disappearance of (CH2); over the time period from 0 to 15.5 minutes? 1. a. 0.00166 M/min b. 0.00127 M/min 0.00101 M/min d. 0.000890 M/min e. 0.000480 M/min C.CH3 CH3 Br- Br2 CH2CI2 CH3 CH3 H3C H3C Br Electrophilic addition of bromine, Br2, to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH2C12. In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions CH3 CH3 Br- .CH3 .CH3 H3C H3C :Br :Br:
- The cis and trans 2-butene stereoisomers have the following rate constant values associated with the electrophilic addition of water in an acid medium at the same temperature. what is the difference between the two values through the energy profile of each reaction. CH3 H,O productos H+ H3C k = 3.51 x 10- M's1 H3C CH3 H,0 > productos H+ k = 8.32 x 10®M's1The propene reaction with OH radical has a reaction rate constant 2.63 * 10-11 cm3/(molecules*s) and the reaction rate constant with O3 is 1.13*10-17 cm3/(molecules*s). Under polluted conditions (OH=1*106 molecules/cm3 and O3=125 ppb), which reaction dominates? (Assume T=30°C)When the alkyl bromides (listed here) were subjected to hydrolysis in a mixture of ethanol and water (80% EtOH/20% H20) at 55°C, the rates of the reaction showed the following order: (CH3)3CB > CH3B > CH3CH2Br > (CH3)2CHBR Provide an explanation for this order of reactivity. Two different mechanisms are involved. (CH3)3CBr reacts by an * mechanism and apparently this reaction takes place faster. The other three alkyl halides react by * mechanism, and their reactions are slower because the 3. The reaction rates of CH3BR, CH3CH2Br, (CH3)2CHBR are affected by an * and thus their order of reactivity is CH3B > CH3CH2B > (CH3)2CHBR.
- Describe the reaction mechanism for the hydrolysis of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane [CH3C(CH3)2Br] with aqueous hydroxide ions (OH-).Peroxides are often added to free-radical reactions as initiators because the oxygen–oxygen bond cleaves homolytically rather easily. For example, the bond-dissociation enthalpy of the O¬O bond in hydrogen peroxide (H¬O¬O¬H) is only 213 kJ>mol (51 kcal>mol). Give a mechanism for the hydrogen peroxide-initiated reaction of cyclopentane with chlorine. The BDE for HO¬Cl is 210 kJ>mol (50 kcal>mol).5-The hydrolysis of a series of ethyl benzoates by hydroxide ion in 85% aqueous ethanol has been investigated. A Hammett plot of the second order rate constants (K) gave a reaction constant p = 2.56. Calculate how much faster ethyl 4- nitrobenzoate will undergo base catalyzed hydrolysis compared to ethyl benzoate under similar conditions. O,N
- Tributyltin hydride (Bu3SnH) is used synthetically to reduce alkyl halides, replacing a halogen atom with hydrogen. Free-radical initiators promote this reaction, and free-radical inhibitors are known to slow or stop it. Your job is todevelop a mechanism,When the alkyl bromides (listed here) were subjected to hydrolysis in a mixture of ethanol and water (80% EtOH/20% H2O) at 55 °C, the rates of the reaction showed the following order: (CH3)3CBR > CH3Br > CH3CH2Br > (CH3)2CHBR Provide an explanation for this order of reactivity.Alkyl halides can be reduced to alkanes by a radical reaction with tributyltin hydride, (C4H9)3SnH, in the presence of light (hv). Propose a radical chain mechanism by which the reaction might occur. The initiation step is the light-induced homolytic cleavage of the Sn-H bond to yield a tributyltin radical.