Hormone replacement therapy is used to treat menopause but with the possibility of negative side effects such as blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks. True False
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Hormone replacement therapy is used to treat menopause but with the possibility of negative side effects such as blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks.
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- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can include mood swings, fluid retention (edema), anxiety, backache and joint pain, food cravings, and other symptoms. PMS usually develops after ovulation and lasts until just before or just after menstruation begins. Although the precise cause of PMS is unknown, it seems clearly related to the cyclic production of ovarian hormones. After reviewing Figure 16.3, suggest which hormonal changes may trigger PMS. Figure 16.3 Animated! Hormones govern the menstrual and ovarian cycles. A GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH. B FSH and LH stimulate a follicle to grow, an oocyte to mature, and the ovaries to secrete progesterone and estrogens that stimulate the endometrium to rebuild. C A midcycle LH surge triggers ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum. D Progesterone and some estrogens released by the corpus luteum maintain the endometrium, but if no pregnancy occurs, they stop being released and the corpus luteum breaks down. ( Cengage Learning)Which of the following statements is true? Bonnie’s history of oral contraceptives and current use of hormone therapy is not a risk factor for DVT. Bonnie’s condition could be caused by a genetic condition that increases the risk of clotting. Treatment for Bonnie’s condition should last a total of about 2-3 days. Bonnie’s condition will likely be treated with stent placement.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women has been associated with:
- Match the following medications with the reason they may be considered inappropriate for adults over 65 years of age. Decongestants Breast and endometrial cancer Benzodiazepines Increased blood pressure Alpha-blockers May lower seizure threshold Estrogens Cognitive impairment, fall risks Some PPIs and H2 blockers Toxicity due to renal clearance Antipsychotics Orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia NSAIDs Multiple drug interactions, decreases absorption of other medications Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) GI bleeding, increased cardiovascular risksWhat are the main effects of gonadotropic hormones? Select all that apply. Stimulation of the formation of the ova Stimulation of the secretion of hormones from sex Stimulation of the development of secondary female sexual characteristics Stimulation sustains pregnancy Stimulation of the hormone progesterone4 8 12 16 20 24 26 32 36 40 Weeks of Pregnancy Match three of the graphical representations numbered above with the appropriate hormones given below. Hormone Number hCG Estrogen Progesterone Relative Hormone Concentration
- provide a summarization of the following paragraph(s) in bullet points Age-related decline in menopausal endocrinology signifi-cantly underlies HSDD. In addition, unhappy life events, psy-chosocial dysfunctions, depression, drugs, medical and gynecologic disorders, and natural or iatrogenic disruptions to androgen production—singly or in combination—can pre-cipitate HSDD. Situational, psychiatric, psychosocial dysfunctions. Nor-mal female sexual desire requires a safe environment, self-esteem, and an attractive and available partner. In the author's experience, HSDD occurring with a broken relation-ship or death of a partner is a common event. Drugs. Drugs associated with HSDD are listed in Table 3(24–26). Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are associated with HSDD and also probably inhibit orgasm. The effects are dose related. Commonly, SSRIs are given to depressed patients who complain of HSDD. SSRIs make the HSDD worse (24–26). Oral…A 32-year-old woman goes to her doctor for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. This woman has a high BMI, irregular menstrual cycles ranging from 2 65 days in length, and experiences heavy menstrual bleeding for 2-3 days during each menstrual period. She is afflicted with abnormally large amounts of acne, and has an unusually high degree of facial hair. She most likely suffers from unusually high levels of which hormone? Currently Selected: C A Progesterone B Estrone C Testosterone D Cortisol E Aldosterone e OThe most active form of male hormone is ? Testosterone Dihydrotestosterone Estrogen O Option 4
- What would be a subjective for this case study A 52-year-old white female has been experiencing bone pain over the past several years after menopause. She states, “The pain is becoming worse, and it is keeping me from doing my daily activities.” She currently complains that any weight-bearing activity causes her severe discomfort. She now reports having “hot spells” at different times throughout the day with some trouble sleeping for the past 3 months. She also complains of some vaginal dryness that she admits is bothersome. She is not taking any medication. She has been using a soy herbal supplement and vitamin E 400 IU daily. She is up to date on all her gynecological exams, and past mammograms have been normal as have her health maintenance exams. She does not smoke or use alcohol. Her system reviews are unremarkable excluding today’s complaint. She lives alone in a one-story house and works at a car plant. She has three children and one grandchild. Her daughter lives in close…For each situation involving oral contraceptives select the most appropriate response. Nausea during first cycle of pills No menses for 7 days following 21-day cycle of correct use Pill forgotten for 1 day Pill forgotten for 3 continuous days Light bleeding at midcycle during first month on pill APPROPRIATE RESPONSE (CHOICES) Stop pills and resume after 7 days Continue pills as usual Continue pills and use an additional form of contraception Take an additional pill E. Stop pills and seek a medical examinationA 10 month old child whose external genitalia were ambiguous had hypertension and no dehydration. He had high sodium levels, low potassium levels, high 11-deoxycortisol, high deoxycorticosterone, low cortisol and the concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and ∆4-androstenedione were also increased above the reference range. The child was genotypic female. The doctors diagnosed the child with CAH but did not know why the child is hypertensive and lacks dehydration. please explain.