How can biologists explain similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat? O genetic homology O developmental homology the inheritance of acquired characters structural homology
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- Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat are an example of genetic homology O structural homology the inheritance of acquired characters O developmental homologyof this =rab or ditions ionary escen- se or 5. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among the Caminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they are virtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are examples of vestigial structures in our own species. Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species' evolutionary past. Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species.Insects have three thoracic (trunk) segments. While researchershave found insect fossils with pairs of wings on all threesegments, modern insects have wings or related structureson only the second and third segment. It turns out thatin modern insects, Hox gene products act to inhibit wingformation on the first segment. The treehopper insect (above)is somewhat of an exception. In addition to having wingson its second segment, the treehopper’s first segment has anornate helmet that resembles a set of thorns, which a recentstudy has found to be a modified, fused pair of “wings.” Thethorn-like structure helps to camouflage the treehopper intree branches, thus reducing its risk of predation. Explain howchanges in gene regulation could have led to the evolution ofsuch a structure.
- . The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.At which stage ( one two or threee ) is it most difficult to tell the embryos apart? explain Describe atleast one similarity in the structure of these embryos how do these similarities support the theory of evolution?Which is theextraembryonic membranewhose function is to storenitrogen wastes of theembryo? Is this functionpresent in placentalmammalian embryos?
- First, concerningthe evolution of development, what have been the changes in developmentalmechanisms that give rise to different phenotypes? A second question, closelyrelated to the first, is how do genetic differences among species map onto phenotypic differences? Third, what is the role of development in either constraining or enhancing evolutionary change in characters? That is, how does development affect “evolvability”? Fourth, how does developmental information help usidentify homologous characters, or even define homology? Finally, can understanding development help us understand the origin of novel characteristics?Which statement/s can best explain how evolutionary perspective help us understand senescence? (a) Evolutionary theory allows scientists to compare closely related species that differ inhow they invest in reproduction and in body maintenance, to test for effects on the agingprocess. (b) Understanding evolution can generate predictions about how individuals with certain suites of life-history characteristics might fare in the aging process when compared to other individuals without those characteristics. (c) Because aging is a natural process for all species, explaining its evolution through natural selection is insufficient. (d) Evolutionary studies provides insight into the historical development of adaptations, such as the number of offspring an individual has, that may contribute to life-history trade-offs, such as aging. A. Three of the 4 statements are correct. B. (a) and (d) C. (a) only D. (b) and (c)think that grandmothers, fathers, or others more con- sistently provisioned weaned dependents until adulthood during the evolution of an elongated human life history? Why? Do you
- Which structure of the following forms the embryonic axis? O Primitive streak Notochord O Primitive knot O Primitive yolk sacKnowledge of the genomes of ancient homininsmight help us better understand not only the evolutionaryhistory of hominins, but also the traits that differ between usand our relatives—the traits that make us human. Our understandingof the functions of different genes is growing rapidly,so detailed comparisons of our genes to those present in, say,Neanderthals and Denisovans are very revealing. What do youthink are the functions most likely to be related to the geneticdifferences between us and our hominin relatives?Ancient societies used knowledge that traits are heritable in domesticating animals and developing agricultural crops. What might account for the failure to recognize that the same processes operate in humans?