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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
How many potential combinations of paternal and maternal homologs can be generated during meiosis.
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- Given the end results of the two types of cell division, why is it necessary for homologs to pair during meiosis and not desirable for them to pair during mitosis?Considering Figure 2-8, is the sequence “pairing →replication → segregation → segregation” a good shorthand description of meiosis?if a species of animal has 18 chromosomes in its diploid cells (2n=18). Describe what the metaphase chromosome arrangement would look like for this species in each of the following stages: mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis Il
- What some ways that incomplete penetrance can occur? Give at least two possible ways on why it occurs.Inversions are known to affect crossing-over. The following homologs have the indicated order (the filled and open circles indicate centromeres): • (A B C D E) o (A D C B E) b. Diagram the alignment of these chromosomes during meiosis.What is the probability that, in an organism with a haploid number of 10, a sperm will be formed that contains all 10 chromosomes whose centromeres were derived from maternal homologs?
- Vermillion eye color in Drosophila sp. is a sex-linked recessive trait. What phenotype would be found in this progeny of a cross between a vermillion female and a wild type male?Kuliev and Verlinsky (2004) state that there was a relatively high number of separation errors at meiosis I. In these cases the centromere underwent a premature division, occurring at meiosis I rather than meiosis II. Regarding chromosome 21, what would you expect to be the chromosome 21 complement in the secondary oocyte in which you saw a single chromatid (monad) for chromosome 21 in the first polar body? If this secondary oocyte was involved in fertilization, what would be the expected consequences?based on fig 1. Is this karyotype a male or female? Is there a chromosomal disorder? What type of chromosomal disorder?
- Why are the X and Y chromosomes not considered homologous even though they recombine at the PAR region?The incidence of Down syndrome will be high (nearly 50%) among the offspring of a parent with Down syndrome. Diagram meiosis in the Down syndrome parent to explain why progeny have such a high risk for chromosome 21 aneuploidy. Explain in addition why the incidence of Down syndrome among these children might be less than 50%.Assume that a diploid cell (2N=8) contains 4 pairs of chromosomes (3 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes) designated as 1m, 1p, 2m, 2p, 3m, 3p, Xm, and Xp where "m" stands for maternal origin and "p" stands for paternal origin. Which of the following is/are possibilities for the chromosomal composition of each of the 2 daughter cells following meiosis 1? 1m, 2m, 3m, Xm AND 1р, 2р, Зр, Хр O 1m, 2p, 3p, Xm AND 1p, 2m, 3m, Xp O 1m, 1p, 2m, 2p, 3m, 3p, Xm, Xp AND 1m, 1p, 2m, 2p, 3m, 3p, Xm, Xp O 1m, 2p, 3m, Xp AND 1m, 2p, 3p, Xm