Q: One of the major characteristics of cancer is uncontrolled proliferation of cells. There are several…
A: The uncontrollable division of cells leads to tumor formation in cancer patients. Tumors are of two…
Q: Illustrate Some Inherited Predispositions to Cancer ?
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Q: What is the difference between saying that cancer is inherited and saying that the predisposition to…
A: A hereditary inclination or hereditary weakness to malignant growth implies that an individual has…
Q: Why is infection likely to occur at the tumor site?
A: Unlike cancer, tumor won't spread to different areas. It will be formed as a lump in any part of the…
Q: What is meant by the "two-hit" model of cancer development? Describe this theory in detail and…
A: Two-hit hypothesis : The "two-hit" hypothesis or model was first proposed by geneticist Alfred…
Q: How can researchers pinpoint the particular driver mutations most responsible for the cancer…
A: The development of cancer is an evolutionary process at the cellular level. Several mutations…
Q: Explain how mutations in tumor-suppressor genes can be recessive at the level of the cell but cause…
A: A tumor suppressor gene is normally a cellular gene that regulates the cell proliferation or DNA…
Q: What are the most significant environmental agents that contributeto human cancers?
A: Cancer is the disease of uncontrolled cell division.
Q: What significance do BRCA1 and BRCA2 have in regard to developing cancer, and what types of cancer…
A: BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 are found pair in all the organisms where one gene is obtained from each of the…
Q: What is happening in all cancer? What process is this disrupting?
A: Cancer in simple term can be referred to a set of diseases which are caused by the production of an…
Q: Which genetic cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by germ-line mutations in the p53 gene and is…
A: P53 is the tumor suppressor protein (TP53 in humans) which is also described as the guardian of the…
Q: Describe the role of the heredity in the development of cancer
A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergoes continuous cycle without stopping and doesn’t…
Q: Explain what it means when cancer is said to have a hereditary component.
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Q: Explain how chromosome deletions, inversions, and translocations cancause cancer.
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Q: Explain why metastasis can lead to multiplesecondary tumors in different sites.
A: When there is some mutation that occurs in the DNA of any cell that leads to abnormal and…
Q: What is the difference between a lesion and an ablation?
A: Cells are the structural and fundamental units of life. Cells that possess similarity in structure…
Q: What is required to enable a cancercell to metastasize?
A: INTRODUCTION: Metastasis means that cancer cell spreads to a different body part from where it has…
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A: Philadelphia chromosome is only present in the blood cells that are affected because of the damaged…
Q: Please discuss the difference between cancers caused by tumor viruses and cancers caused by…
A: Cancer is a disease where cells grow or divide uncontrolly.
Q: How would you relate the cancer cellular pathophysiology with genomic instability?
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Q: What is loss of heterozygosity and how does this process contribute to the development of cancers?
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A: Cancer is uncontrolled cell division and growth of cells. These tumors eventually start invading…
Q: additional manifestations will occur, and how will people with Prostate Cancer be treated?
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Q: Are genome and karyotype instabilities consequencesor causes of cancer?
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A: Disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. Cancer is a…
Q: Explain Loss of p53 function leads to genomic instability?
A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (p53). This…
Q: What are the heritable changes in cells that contribute to cancer development?
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Q: In your own words, what is angiogenesis and what is the importance of this process in cancer…
A: The creation of new blood vessels is known as angiogenesis. Endothelial cells, which cover the…
Q: Describe the Cancer stage grouping
A: Cancer is seen in that cell which don't follow normal cell cycle.
Q: Describe the relationship between hyperplasia and benign tumor growth. Simple explanation please.
A: The cell is the basic unit of life. Cell division is the process by which the growth of an organism…
Q: What are the most common treatments of cancer?
A: Introduction: Uncontrolled cell division is a symptom of cancer. Tumors, immune system harm, and…
Q: What are the most common childhood cancers, and how do they differ from adult cancers?
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Q: Describe the key characteristics of cancer.
A: The tumor is the large mass of the tissue formed by the repeated division of the cell. It is of two…
Q: Why are oncogenes usually dominant in their action, whereas tumor-suppressor genes are recessive?
A: BASIC INFORMATION ONCOGENES When there is alteration in the proto-onco genes then it leads to the…
Q: What the genetic disease talk about? What cause of the genetic disease?
A: Genetic disease means the disease that is caused by a mutation in the genome and these mutations are…
Q: What is haploinsufficiency? How might it affect cancer risk?
A: The term in genetics that explains the function of the dominant gene in the representation of…
Q: Define telomeres, telomerase, and senescence and describe their effects on cancer.
A: Introduction Cancer is a disease when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to…
Q: How is cancer different from most other types of genetic diseases?
A: Cancer is the abnormal growth and multiplication of normal cells. Cancer cell divide rapidly. Cancer…
Q: Explain the convoluted causes of cancer ?
A: Cancer types can be classified based on the type of cell they originated from. It can be melanoma,…
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- One of the major characteristics of cancer is uncontrolled proliferation of cells. There are several more characteristics of cancer, name TWO more:Which genetic cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by germ-line mutations in the p53 gene and is associated with the early onset of cancers and the development of multiple malignant lesions of diverse tissue origins?Explain how chromosome deletions, inversions, and translocations cancause cancer.
- Why is the tumor microenvironment important to cancer progression?In Metastatic Breast Cancer [such as in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Carcinoma, NOS; Breast Invasive Cancer, NOS; Invasive Breast Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma; Breast Mixed Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma] what role does the genes Tp53 and Tp63 have? Would one of them affect the other (i.e. mutation, etc) or there is not relationship among the two genes at all.What are the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate the various types of cancer, and how can a better understanding of these mechanisms lead to more targeted and effective treatments for each specific type of cancer?
- What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors? What is the disadvantage of this classification?What are Tumor Markers ?Mrs. Ortez has type III breast cancer and is now concluding the trial portion of a certain research study about this condition. She has responding well to the series of neoplastic medications and is currently in remmision. The researchers and her surgeon have informed both mrs Ortez and her husband that there is the possibility that her unique type of cancer could have a genetic foundation. Most at risk would be her 8 year old daughter, through both her 10 yr old and 2 yr old sons could carry the genetic mutation for this cancer. How do you, as her primary nurses, address her concerns for possible genetic testing of her children? Should the identification of the children's risk as possible carriers of this specific gene be identified at this time? Should the testing be even considered to be done at this time?
- 1. a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. b)Proteins that inhibit progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. c)What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene? d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one. e)To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one.Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such as familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer? Choose all that apply a) If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor b) Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells c) None of the answers effectively describes the situation d) Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene e) Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations f) Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor gene1. Describe & explain the pathophysiology of cancer based on the diagram. Reference: https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/cancer-etiology-pathophysiology-types-diagnosis-and- treatment/ Acquired (environmental) DNA damaging agents: • chemical • radiation viruses Activation of growth- promoting oncogenes NORMAL CELL DNA Damage Failure of DNA repair Mutations in the genome of somatic cells Alteration of genes that regulate apoptosis Malignant neoplasm / Successful DNA repair CANCER Inherited mutations: • Genes affecting DNA repair • Genes affecting cell growth Expression of altered gene products and loss of regulatory gene products Inactivation of cancer suppresor genes Clonal expansion Additional mutations (progression) T Heterogeneity