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- The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: A. Knowing the amino acid sequence of this protein, what tool would you use to identify the membrane-spanning region? Explain how it works.Ligand binding of a (????) causes conformational changes in the receptor that free the associated G-protein to interact with other membrane proteins Voltage gated ion channel GPCR Ligand gated ion channel Ligandase poreNerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble signalingmolecule. Would you expect the receptor for NGF to beintracellular or in the plasma membrane? Why?
- You perform a competition study on a GPCR. You have isolated the plasma membrane from cells which contains the GPCR of interest. If an agonist and an inverse agonist are at equal concentrations in your study but the inverse agonist has a 10 x higher affinity for the receptor than the agonist, what would you expect to be the overall outcome to be? More of the agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its active conformation and is stimulated More of the inverse agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its inactive conformation and is unstimulated.Name three features common to the activation of cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Name one difference with respect to the enzyme activity of these receptors.b) Complete the following flow chart| (a membrane phospholipid)_ Hydrolysed by phospholipase C, to produce Remains associated with plasma membrane a small polar molecule released to cytosol, diffuses to the iv. and causes the release of v. by binding to receptors that are ligand-gated channels. Activates other proteins Activates vi which then phosphorylates other intracellular targets. form complex with vii.
- . AMPK and MTOR can both be considered intracellular signal integrators. Explain this definition.Arrange following the boxed information in sequence regarding the dissociation and reassociation of G proteins following the activation of a G protein coupled receptor. GTP-bound Ga, dissociates from B and y cuhunits Gas exchanges GTP for GDP Gas reassociates with By subunits and the rorentor reforms Binding of the ligand to a G-protein rounled recentor GTP-bound Gas binds and activates adenvlul rurlase GTP is hydrolyzed and GDP bound Gas suhunit dissoriates Conformational change Increased synthesis of CAMP from ATPIn vesicle based signaling, how is the regulated secretory pathway implicated in synaptic signaling ? Then, apply this information to describe in detail the pathway in which a neurotransmitter is received at the dendrites of one neuron and ultimately leads to the release of new transmitters that activate a second neuron .
- Explain how the crystal structures of potassium ion channels suggest the way in which the voltage-sensing domains interact with other parts of the proteins to open and close the ion channels. How does this structure-function relationship apply to other voltage-gated ion channels?Some cytoplasmic kinases, enzymes that phosphorylate substrates at the expense of ATP, bind to voltage-dependent anion channels. What might the advantage of this binding be?Describe the action of neurotransmitters at channellinked and G protein–linked receptors.