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- During our lectures on polymeric materials, I used polyethylene as an example because of its very straightforward structure. (a.) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as an initiator for the polymerization of ethylene. Draw a diagram of a dissociated hydrogen peroxide molecule which emphasizes the creation of two free radicals (unbonded electrons) that can serve as initiators or as terminators of polymerization.1) (a) What is the difference between homopolymer and copolymer? (b) How can you classify the polymer depending on their skeletal structure?(a)Is this a condensation or addition polymer? Explain how you know. (b) Provide the IUPAC name of the monomer that does not contain the benzene group.
- Proteins are naturally occurring polymers formed by condensationreactions of amino acids, which have the generalstructureIn this structure, ¬R represents ¬H, ¬CH3, or anothergroup of atoms; there are 20 different natural amino acids,and each has one of 20 different R groups. (a) Draw the generalstructure of a protein formed by condensation polymerizationof the generic amino acid shown here. (b) When only afew amino acids react to make a chain, the product is called a“peptide” rather than a protein; only when there are 50 aminoacids or more in the chain would the molecule be called a protein.For three amino acids (distinguished by having three differentR groups, R1, R2, and R3), draw the peptide that resultsfrom their condensation reactions. (c) The order in which theR groups exist in a peptide or protein has a huge influence onits biological activity. To distinguish different peptides andproteins, chemists call the first amino acid the one at the “Nterminus” and the last one the one at…1. Answer the following questions: (a) Why is free radical polymerization more commonly used today than ionic polymerization? (b) Almost all substituted ethylene monomers of commercial importance have the structure of CH2 = CHR or CH2 = CRR’ (where R or R' represent identical or different substituent groups). Why? (c) What are some methods for the production of conductive polymers? Give a few examples.Q.5(a) Which is the first conductive polymer? How intrinsic conductive polymer can be prepared. (b) What are multiple mode optical fibres? How they are superior then single mode optical fibres? Discuss various properties and applications of optical fibres.
- In a theoretical study of protein-like polymers, the phase diagram shown was obtained. It shows three structural regions: the native form, the unfolded form, and a 'molten globule' form. (a) Is the molten-globule form ever stable when the denaturant concentration is below 0. 1? (b) Describe what happens to the polymer as the native form is heated in the presence of denaturant at concentration 0. 15.3. Draw the repeating unit for the condensation polymer formed from the following monomers: (a) C,H;CH(NH2)COOH (b) H2N(CH2);COOH (c) H2N(CH2)6NH2 and (d) CH2OHCH2OH and HOOCC6H&COOH CIOCC6H4COCIProteins are naturally occurring polymers formed by condensationreactions of amino acids, which have the generalstructure In this structure, — R represents — H, — CH3, or anothergroup of atoms; there are 20 different natural amino acids,and each has one of 20 different R groups. (a) Draw the generalstructure of a protein formed by condensation polymerizationof the generic amino acid shown here. (b) When only afew amino acids react to make a chain, the product is called a“peptide” rather than a protein; only when there are 50 aminoacids or more in the chain would the molecule be called a protein.For three amino acids (distinguished by having three differentR groups, R1, R2, and R3), draw the peptide that resultsfrom their condensation reactions. (c) The order in which theR groups exist in a peptide or protein has a huge influence onits biological activity. To distinguish different peptides andproteins, chemists call the first amino acid the one at the “Nterminus” and the last one the…
- The ε-caprolactone monomer from which the biopolymer polycaprolactone (PCL) is synthesized is depicted below. (a) What is the monomer's function? (b) What is the polymerization mechanism that results in the formation of PCL? (c) Define/Illustrate the homopolymer's repeating unit provided that the functional group is placed at the hydrocarbon chain's terminal position.(b) What type of ionic addition polymerization process would vinyl acetate be expected to undergo? Justify your answer fully.(a) A sample of linear polyethylene is dissolved in a large excess of xylene at 130 C, and dilute solution is then slowly cooled. After a while, a fine white suspension is obtained. What does this suspension consist of? (b) If the suspension is filtered and dried, then heated to 170C, and cooled slowly to room temperature, a different type of structure is obtained. Compare and contrast the two different structures.