Identify each statement as true or false: (a) Cations are largerthan their corresponding neutral atoms. (b) Li+ is smallerthan Li. (c) Cl- is bigger than I-.
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Identify each statement as true or false: (a) Cations are larger
than their corresponding neutral atoms. (b) Li+ is smaller
than Li. (c) Cl- is bigger than I-.
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- 7. Which element has the smallest first ionization energy? (a) Cs (b) Ga (c) K (d) Bi (e) As 8. Which element has the smallest second ionization energy? (a) Mg (b) Li (c) S (d) O (e) Ca 9. Which of the following sets contain all linear molecules? (a) H2S, HCN, CO2. (b) HCN, O2, CO2 (c) H2O, CO, Cl2. (d) H2S, CO, CO2. (e) BF3, Cl2, O2 10. The molecular geometry of SnCl3-ion is: (a) trigonal planar (b) T-shaped. (c) trigonal pyramidal. (d) Tetrahedral (e) see-saw 11. The geometry of the molecule SPC13 is best described as: (a) square planar (b) trigonal pyramidal (c) trigonal bipyramidal. (d) octahedral (e) tetrahedral 12. The O-S-Cl bond angles in O2SCl2 are expected to be approximately: (a) 90° (b) 109.5° (c) 120° (d)180 ° (e) 90° and 120°Consider the Mg2+, Cl-, K+, and Se2- ions. The four spheresbelow represent these four ions, scaled according to ionic size.(a) Without referring to Figure 7.8, match each ion to its appropriatesphere. (b) In terms of size, between which of the sphereswould you find the (i) Ca2+ and (ii) S2- ions?Provide a brief explanation for each of the following: (a) O2-is larger than O. (b) S2- is larger than O2-. (c) S2- is largerthan K+. (d) K+ is larger than Ca2+.
- 11)Explain the given ionization energy for each pair using electron configurations. (12(Be)l1(B), I1(N)>l1(O) ).Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?Write the electron configuration and orbital diagram for each ion and determine whether each is diamagnetic or paramagnetic.(a) Al3 + (b) S2 - (c) Fe3 +
- Which of the following ions has the smallest size? (a) Cl- (b) F- (c) Al3+ (d) Na+10. Which of the following element has paramagnetic property? (a) Mg (b) P (c) Ne (d) Hg 11. Which of the following element is a main group (representative group) element? (a) Zn (b) S (c) Cu (d) Co 12. The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its ground state is called (a) atomic number (b) electronegativity (c) electron affinity (d) ionization energy(D) Zr (Z=40) and Hf (Z = 72) 7. Which halogen has the greatest first ionization energy? (A) F (B) Cl (C) Br (D) I 3. The isotope "Zn undergoes what mode of radioactive decay? (A) Alpha emission (C) Gamma emission (B) Beta emission (D) Positron emission 9. What is the bond order of carbon monoxide, CO? (A) 1.5 (B) 2.0 (C) 2.5 (D) 3.0 50. Which statements about the Lewis structure of the
- (a) Which ion is smaller, Co3+ or Co4+? (b) In a lithium-ionbattery that is discharging to power a device, for every Li+that inserts into the lithium cobalt oxide electrode, a Co4+ion must be reduced to a Co3+ ion to balance charge. Using the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics or other standardreference, find the ionic radii of Li+, Co3+, and Co4+. Orderthese ions from smallest to largest. (c) Will the lithium cobaltoxide cathode expand or contract as lithium ions areinserted? (d) Lithium is not nearly as abundant as sodium.If sodium ion batteries were developed that function in thesame manner as lithium ion batteries, do you think “sodiumcobalt oxide” would still work as the electrode material?Explain. (e) If you don’t think cobalt would work as the redox-active partner ion in the sodium version of the electrode,suggest an alternative metal ion and explain your reasoning.Arrange in order of increasing nonmetallic character. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 4 elements V, Ge, and K (b) the Group 5A elements N, As, and Bi Arrange in order of increasing atomic size. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.) (a) the Period 3 elements Mg, Si, and Ar (b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Ba, and SrThe elements of a period in the periodic table are given below in order from left to right: 3Li 4Be 5B 6C 80 (1) To which period do these elements belong? (11) Which of them will have the largest atomic radius. Explain the trend.