Answered: If a 1-molal solution of NaCl in water…

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter11: Properties Of Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 88E: The freezing-point depression of a 0.091-m solution of CsCl is 0.320C. The freezing-point depression...

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The vapor pressures of several solutions of water-propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH) were determined at various compositions, with the following data collected at 45C: H2O Vapor pressure(torr) 0 74.0 0.15 77.3 0.37 80.2 0.54 81.6 0.69 80.6 0.83 78.2 1.00 71.9 a. Are solutions of water and propanol ideal? Explain. b. Predict the sign of Hsoln for water-propanol solutions. c. Are the interactive forces between propanol and water molecules weaker than, stronger than, or equal to the interactive forces between the pure substances? Explain. d. Which of the solutions in the data would have the lowest normal boiling point?
6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.
The freezing-point depression of a 0.091-m solution of CsCl is 0.320C. The freezing-point depression of a 0.091-m solution of CaCl2 is 0.440C. In which solution does ion association appear to be greater? Explain.

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If a 1-molal solution of NaCl in water shows a freezing-point depression of 2.5˚C, what is the freezing-point depression, in degrees Celsius, observed for a 1-molal solution of CaCl in water? (Recall that both NaCl and CaCl are completely dissociated in aqueous solution.)