Illustrate how you would set up a voltage clamp experiment to study the eletrochemical propertis of an axon. Include appropriate phrase explaining the use of each mentioned instrument or device
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Illustrate how you would set up a voltage clamp experiment to study the eletrochemical propertis of an axon. Include appropriate phrase explaining the use of each mentioned instrument or device
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- You are recording the resting membrane potential from a neuron placed in a petri dish. The following oscilloscope tracing shows the voltage measured when a microelectrode tip is placed just inside the axon. The solid line on the oscilloscope is obtained when the neuron is placed in a control solution containing 5mM K+ and 150 mM Na+. The solution is then changed and a second recording is made, shown by the dashed line on the tracing. You can reasonably conclude this new solution: Membrane Potential (mV) 989 20 -80 HORRETAN 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (sec) has decreased concentration of K+ Ohas decreased concentration of Na+ has increased concentration of K+ 1. has increased concentration of Na+Summarize the steps in generating an action potential as a flowchart. You can make your flowchart on paper and take a picture of it, or make it electronically. Be sure you’ve included: the location in the neuron and components of the neuron involved, the types of cellular transport and ions involved, how action potentials can be stimulated and inhibited. you can get the information from this: https://youtu.be/HYLyhXRp298Because the long axons of neurons look like electrical wires, and both neurons and electrical wires conduct electricity, it is tempting to equate the two. Compare and contrast the functioning of axons and electrical wires in terms of their structure and the nature of the electrical signals they conduct. Please include references.
- Draw the current that you would expect to flow during a voltage clamp experiment on a typical neuron. Voltages and time course are shown. Briefly explain why the currents are inward or outward. Be sure to provide scale bars. You should definitely label the Y axis so that the peak current value is obvious. Draw the Na+ current you would expect if there were physiological ionic gradients. Draw the K+ current you would expect if there are physiological ionic gradients. Draw the K+ current you would expect if the bath solution and the intracellular solution are both 125 mM.Patch clamping is a technique to record the electrical potential or to measure currents generated by ions moving across the cell membrane. The figure shows the patch clamp records of a neurone before (control) and after treatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX) from pufferfish. TTX most like binds to and blocks Control inward current 50 pA 5 ms TTX voltage-gated sodium channels voltage-gated chloride channels sodium potassium pumps nicotinic acetylcholine receptors alpha adrenergic receptors muscarinic acetylcholine receptors beta adrenergic receptorsnswer After an action potential is generated in a neuron, it travels to the end of the axon. Explain how the absolute refractory period prevents the action potential from travelling back to the cell body, and why it does not prevent the action potential from moving down to the end of the axon. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph 启 Q Arial 10pt A Ix ...
- Demyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.An undisclosed drug (Drug A) is a drug that can block voltage-gated K+ channels when being introduced into the bloodstream. Explain the effects of Drug A on the action potentials produced by a neuron. If Drug A could be applied selectively to a presynaptic neuron that releases an excitatory neurotransmitter, analyse how would it alter the synaptic effect of the neurotransmitter on the presynaptic cell. Remark: The word count limit (250 words only), no less than 100 wordsA drug belonging to the class of monoamine oxidase inhibitors has the following function: Group of answer options Increases the permeability of calcium Increases the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft Increases the level of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft Increases the level of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft Increases the breakdown of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft
- Discuss the concept of thought-controlled input devices and their potential in medical applications and assistive technology. What ethical considerations arise when using thought-controlled devices?An Intact Neuron and Voltmeter Select one: +H -0,+ V the neuron is resting + + ++ The voltage polarity is positive when + + + + + + the neuron has a high concentration of K+ ions an action potential dies out before reaching the axon an action potential is being transmittedIn the laboratory, researchers can apply an electrical stimulus at any point along the axon, making action potentials travel in both directions from the point of stimulation. An action potential moving in the usual direction, away from the axon hillock, is said to be traveling in the orthodromic direction. An action potential traveling toward the axon hillock is traveling in the antidromic direction. If we started an orthodromic action potential at the axon hillock and an antidromic action potential at the opposite end of the axon, what would happen when they met at the center? Why?
