In many layered protocols, each layer has its own header. Surely it would be more efficient to have a single header at the front of each message with all the control in it than all these separate headers. Why is this not done?
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- In transport layer protocols, acknowledgements are one of the techniques available (such as the RDT 2.0 protocol that we covered before). Is it possible for an acknowledgement to be contaminated in some way? So, what is the process in place to deal with this situation?One of the techniques used in transport layer protocols is the receipt of acknowledgements (such as the RDT 2.0 protocol that we covered before). Is it possible for an acknowledgement to be contaminated in any way? What process has been put in place to deal with this situation?The usage of layered protocols is supported by two main reasons, both of which are persuasive. To back up your statements, you need to provide an example.
- What two of the following arguments are strongest in support of layered protocols?Both UDP and TCP use port numbers to identify the destination entity when delivering a message. Give two reasons for why these protocols invented a new abstract ID (port numbers), instead of using process IDs, which already existed when these protocols were designed.The use of layered protocols is driven by two different concerns.
- The use of layered protocols is supported by two main arguments. You must provide evidence for your claims.To what extent do each of the following contribute to the benefits of layered protocols? Explain what you mean by providing some examples.The implementation of layered protocols is motivated by two main factors.
- Here, we'll contrast "connectionless" and "connection-based" protocols to see what makes them unique.What are the two justifications for the adoption of layered protocols?Acknowledgements are a feature of transport layer protocols (such as the RDT 2.0 protocol that we covered before). What happens if an acknowledgement is in any way tainted? What process has been established to address this?