In the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred to enzyme complexes. Name the complexes of the ET electron donor, and determine the number of H+ ions that are pumped in each complexes Name of complex No. of H+ ions pumped Electron donor (NADH/FADH2) 5. 1. 7. 2. 6. 8. 3. 9. 4. 10.
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- Indicate whether each of the following changes represents oxidation or reduction. Write: O = for oxidation ; R= for reduction Example: cyt ci (Fet) → cyt c1 (Fe2+) Answer: R Blank #1: COQH2 → CoQ Blank #2: NAD+ - NADH Blank #3: FMN → FMNH2 Blank # 4: FADH2 FAD Blank #5: Fe(III) SP → Fe(II) SP Blank # 1 Blank # 2Most biochemists agree that the most accurate number of H+ needed to generate one ASP is blank. Therefore one NADH generated about blank ATP molecules?Complete the following diagram, using arrows to show the flow of electrons, for this reaction catalyzed by GAP dehydrogenase. Draw how the enzyme pocket appears as the reaction is completed. Indicate the product (if any). NAD+ ÇHOPO он Сys
- 20.12 Classify the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions: |3| a. CH3-C-COO + CO2 + ATP OOC-CH2-C-COO + ADP + P; + H b. CH3-CH2-OH + NAD* CH3-C-H + NADH + H*When 24 acetyl Co-A molecule(s) are respired through the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain to oxygen, how many ATP molecules will be produced?in which of the reactions in the electron transport chain, coenzyme Q transfers electrons to complex 3 . Which molecule is reduced and which is oxidized in this reaction?
- Cyanide causes an irreversible inhibition of electron transport that prevents ATP synthesis, whereas the inhibitoryeffect of small amounts of dinitrophenol on ATP synthesisis reversible. Explain the difference.Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct? O H+ ions are transferred from Complex I or Complex II to ATP synthase where ATP production occ O Proton pumps transfer electrons from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix as electrons are tra O The chemical and electrical gradient is established between the intermembrane space and the ma electron carriers. O ATP synthase pumps electrons back to the intermembrane space as a consequence of electrocher mitochondrial matrix. • PreviousUnder standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?
- Balance the following net reaction that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation. Use the smallest whole integers possible for the reaction stoichiometry. NADH+ FADH₂ + ADP+ 0₂+H+PO, ¹ NAD+FAD+ ATP+ +H₂ONormally, the flow of electrons to O2 is tightlylinked to the production of ATP via the electrochemicalgradient. If ATP synthase is inhibited, for example, elec-trons do not flow down the electron-transport chain andrespiration ceases. Since the 1940s, several substances—such as 2,4-dinitrophenol—have been known to uncou-ple electron flow from ATP synthesis. Dinitrophenol wasonce prescribed as a diet drug to aid in weight loss. Howwould an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation pro-mote weight loss? Why do you suppose dinitrophenol isno longer prescribed?The cytochromes are heme-containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the mitochondria. Calculate the difference in the reduction potential (AE°') and the change in the standard free energy (AG°) when the electron flow is from the carrier with the lower reduction potential to the higher. cytochrome c₁ (Fe³+) + e¯ = cytochrome c₁ (Fe2+) E°' = 0.22 V cytochrome c (Fe³+) + e¯ = cytochrome c (Fe²+) E°' = 0.254 V Calculate AE°' and AG°'. AE°' = AG°' = V kJ/mol