Indentify how the factors of biotic potential and environmental resistance as well as predation and competition species interactions influence population dynamics (the size and growth of populations) of non-human species as a foundation for understanding environmental problems
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Indentify how the factors of biotic potential and environmental resistance as well as predation and competition species interactions influence
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- Match the following definitions or descriptions of community ecology to the most appropriate vocabulary word A model where there is a unidirectional influence from lowe to higher trophic levels A model where predation mainly controls community organization. An event, such as a storm, fire, flood, drought, or human activity, that changes a community by removing organisms from it or altering resource availability. ✓ [Choose ] top-down model disturbance A term which describes most communities as constantly changing after disturbance Occurs in a virtually lifeless area where soil has not yet formed, such as on a new volcanic island or on the rubble left by a retreating glacier Occurs when an existing community has been cleared by a disturbance that leaves the soil intact secondary succession bottom-up model nonequilibrium model primary succession [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] + +INTRODUCTION: The environment may be changed by the things within the biotic community, as well as relationship between organisms and the nonliving environment. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum number of organisms that an area can support over time. The density of a population may cause huge changes in the environment so that the environment becomes unstable for the survival of that species. Humans can mess up natural selection and have either a positive or negative effect. OBJECTIVES Graph data on the Kaibab deer population of Arizona from 1905-1939. Analyze the factors that caused the changes in the deer population. PROCEDURE: Before 1905, there was an estimated 4000 deer on almost 30,000 hectacres of land on the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona. The average carrying capacity of the land at that time was estimated to be about 30,000 deer. Being concerned about the low number of deer, President Theodore Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve to…A conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: Based on this scenario, what is the most significant role of sea otters in the marine community? Why it’s important?
- Carrying Capacity and Limiting Factors Carrying capacity is defined as the number of organisms that an ecosystem can support. The carrying capacity is determined by limiting factors that determine the growth of populations within the ecosystem. Biotic limiting factors include the availability of food and competition with other organisms. Abiotic limiting factors include space, temperature, and the availability of water. The carrying capacity and the limiting factors of an ecosystem are related. A population will experience logistic growth due to limiting factors and experience exponential growth due to an absence of limiting factors, as shown in the graph. Exponential growth Population size Red-tailed hawk Logistic growth The Sonoran Desert covers portions of Arizona, California, and Northwestern Mexico. The desert is rich in biodiversity and includes organisms such as desert cottontail rabbits, coyotes, birds, insects, reptiles, and many plant species. While it is mostly hot and dry,…T or F Edge habitat always provides differential access to one habitat type when resources are spatially separated. Birds nesting in edge habitats can be exposed to increased rates of nest predation. Edge habitats often become intermediate between the two adjacent habitats The three general mechanisms by which edge habitats can become different from core habitat include abiotic factors, access and species interactions.Determine if each statement is correct or incorrect: 1. Ecosystems with fewer numbers of species tend to be less stable. 2. Increasing numbers of species lead to more redundancy which is bad for the ecosystem. 3. More species mean more niche separation. 4. Species with a low resistance will also have low resilience. 5. Disturbances to ecosystems can be both naturally occurring and human caused. 6. Stresses to ecosystems are useful for removing weaker species and ensuring the strongest survive. 7. Bringing non-native species into an area to increase biodiversity makes the ecosystem more stable.
- The biotic potential (r) of a species will; Rise when there is an increase in food Remain constant regardless of the situation Decrease when competition is high Decrease as the population approaches carrying capacityWhich of the following is least likely a result of competition? Increase in carrying capacity for both species Character displacement (populations possess different traits in the presence of similar species) Reduced niche breadth (smaller realized than fundamental niche) Resource partitioningThe adaptation planning process draws on broad principles of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) and aquaculture (EAA). Which of the following options are NOT what EAF and EAA are balancing through good governance? Select two or more: Single-species management Predictive rather than adaptive management Ecological well-being Human well-being
- The four key attributes of community structure are total number of species top-down and bottom-up effects trophic cascades the sum of interactions among all species physical attributes of a community, including biotic and abiotic factors primary producers species relative abundanceCompetition between species on the same trophic tier leads to four potential outcomes, 3 are deterministic (zero sum games where one species goes extinct and the other maximizes their growth to balance at the carrying capacity) and one where both competitors survive, but neither does well. A) This dynamic suggests that extirpation (local extinction) of populations is a far more likely outcome than co-existence. How does this affect management policies aimed at increasing biodiversity and proliferation of inter and intra population and interspecies variation. B) Endangered species are defined by low growth rates (r) and low K (reflecting high demand for resources). What are the implications of both these factors on the outcome of competition scenarios, especially the most common scenario of alternate stable states?A conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: Why does the organism’s interaction appear in an oscillating pattern? What does it suggest?
