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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Is mutation really necessary or can we live without it? Support your answer.
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- Question 10 Review mutations. Match the term and its description. Each term can only be used once. changes in just one nucleotide pair of a gene | Choose | These mutations have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code [ Choose J These mutations still code for an amino acid, but not the correct | Choose | amino acid These mutations change an amino acid codon into a stop codon: most lead to a nonfunctional protein | Choose In this mutation, insertion or deletion of nucleotides may alter the reading frame | Choose | additions of nucleotide pairs in a gene | Choose > > > > >Mutation #2: • Change the Mutation to RED TACACC TIG GC GACGACT A U GU G G A A C C G C UG CUGA MET -TRP- ASN - ARG- CYS - (STOP) Original DNA Sequence: MRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Mutated TAC GÁC CTT GGC GAC GÁC T DNA mRNA Amino Acid Will this mutation have an effect? What kind of mutation is this? Mutation #3: • Change the Mutation to RED TACACCTT G G C G A C GACT AUGUG G A A C C G C U G C U G A MET -TRP- ASN - ARG- CYS - (STOP) Original DNA Sequence: mRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Mutated TAC ACC TTA GCG ACG ACT DNA MRNA Amino Acid Will this mutation have an effect? What kind of mutation isYour DNA has been mutated! Carry out the following mutations, separately: a) In the original sequence, change the blue C (arrow 1) to a T. Transcribe and translate again. mRNA: 5' 3' amino acids (single-letter): b) In the original sequence, change the red C (arrow 2) to a G. Transcribe and translate again. mRNA: 5' 3' amino acids (single-letter): c) In the original sequence, change the purple G (arrow 3) to a T. Transcribe and translate again. mRNA: 5' 3' amino acids (single-letter): d) In the original sequence, delete the green G (arrow 4). Transcribe and translate again. mRNA: 5' 3' amino acids (single-letter):
- is DNA is ONLY found in 100 cells of our body. i dont know what it means sp i kinda need helpPlsssssss helppppppp, explain the difference between a point and a frameshift mutation1. Create an inversion on your mini gene .. ? that results in an inversion. Sequence 5 ATGGTGCAAGATTAA 3' 3 TACCACGTTCTAATT 5' The sequence after the inversion is: 5 ATGCTTACGGATTAA 3 3 TACGAATGCCTAATT 5' Comments and help • By convention we write DNA sequences starting with the 5' end and ending at the 3' end. 4. Create mutation on the sequence on your minigene that results in an in-frame non-tandem duplication. • Also, by convention when you write double stranded sequences, the top strand is the 5' to 3' and the bottom strand 3' to 5'. 2. Generate a primer pair that is 6 base-pairs long to amplify the inversion you created, that will not amplify your wildtype mini gene. • If you are typing your answer, use the Courier font for the sequence. This allows proper alignment of the two strands. 3. Create point mutations on the sequence on your > minigene that results in: i. a frameshift, ii. a silent mutation, iii. a conservative mutation, iv. a missense, v. a nonsense mutation.
- Mutations fall into three general categories - big picture what are they and how do they impact the cell?BM4_DNA AND PROTEIN S X /1FAIPQLSDP_g5B-629FSHNpGnTMIEppLS4A71zBd4vcUBqNUILubXONw/formResponse 4. What is the nitrogen base pair of Adenine in transcription? O Cytosine O Uracil O guanine O thymine 5. The central dogma of Molecular Biology states that There are four nitrogen bases in DNA, two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine). Which process is not included in the central dogma? duplication transcription translation O translocation LeadpleBONUS: Why do RNA viruses such as the COVID coronavirus, influenza virus and HIV have much higher mutation rates than DNA viruses such as Herpes viruses? O DNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than RNA polymerases which copy viral DNA O RNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than DNA polymerases which copy viral DNA RNA viral 60S ribosomes make many ore mutations than DNA viral 40S ribosomes O RNA viral gyrases make more mistakes than DNA viral helicases
- What type of mutation (missense, silent, and non-sense) was introduced in your sequence when G was substituted with C? 3' TACATGGTTGTGCTAATT 5' CSickle-cell hemoglobin differs from regular hemoglobin in just one amino acid. Normal hemoglobin is created from the codon GAA, which codes for glutamic acid while sickle-cell hemoglobin has the codon GUA, which codes for valine. This is an example of what type of mutation? * O Insertion O Silent mutation O Deletion O Substitution mutation48 Second letter If any single nucleotide is deleted from the DNA sequence shown below, what type of mutation is this? UUU U UUC UUA UCU Phe UCC UAU UGU Cys ANTISENSE 5' GGACCCTAT3' UAC Tyr UGC UAA Stop UGA Stop UAG Stop UGG Trp Ser UCA Leu UUGL" UCG CUU CU CAU) His CAC) CGU CGC CGA Arg CUC C Leu Pro CAA1 Gin CAG) CUA CCA CUG CG CGG AAU AAC Asn AGC AAA AAG Lys AGG Arg AUU ACU AGU Ser AUC lle ACC Thr AUA ACA AGA AUG Met ACG GCU GCC GUU GAU] GGU GUC Val GAC Asp GGC Ala Gly GUA GCA GAA GGA Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a FRAMESHIFT SILENT NONSENSE MISSENSE Third letter First letter